{"id":10898,"date":"2013-10-29T14:45:00","date_gmt":"2013-10-29T13:45:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/?p=10898"},"modified":"2013-10-29T14:45:00","modified_gmt":"2013-10-29T13:45:00","slug":"compte-rendu-misere-de-lhumanite-numerique-la-vie-des-idees","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/2013\/10\/29\/compte-rendu-misere-de-lhumanite-numerique-la-vie-des-idees\/","title":{"rendered":"Compte-rendu : Mis\u00e8re de l\u2019humanit\u00e9 num\u00e9rique | La Vie des id\u00e9es"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>La compr\u00e9hension du monde et sa transformation peuvent-elles se r\u00e9duire \u00e0 de simples questions de programmation\u00a0? Alors que vient de para\u00eetre son deuxi\u00e8me ouvrage, <em>Who Owns the Future\u00a0?<\/em>, La Vie des id\u00e9es discute des intuitions du <em>geek<\/em> humaniste Jaron Lanier qui d\u00e9nonce la standardisation des consciences et la d\u00e9mon\u00e9tisation croissante de l\u2019\u00e9conomie. L&rsquo;article est tr\u00e8s fouill\u00e9 et int\u00e9ressant \u00e0 lire.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pour Lanier, internet est devenu le principal instrument de r\u00e9duction de l\u2019humain \u00e0 des bits mesurables et organisables. Alors qu\u2019il offrait il y a vingt ans le spectacle d\u2019une grande anarchie extrovertie, le web est aujourd\u2019hui constitu\u00e9 de troupeaux anonymes et standardis\u00e9s conduits par de grands groupes commerciaux, tels que Facebook, Google, Yahoo et Amazon (Lanier oublie g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de citer son employeur actuel, Microsoft), ainsi qu\u2019une poign\u00e9e d\u2019associations comme Wikimedia et Mozilla.<\/p>\n<p>Cette transformation du web en une s\u00e9rie d\u2019oligopoles produit, selon lui, quatre effets regrettables\u00a0: la standardisation des contenus num\u00e9riques et des comportements, laquelle s\u2019accompagne d\u2019un consid\u00e9rable appauvrissement culturel\u00a0; l\u2019\u00e9loge des masses anonymes au d\u00e9triment des individus singuliers\u00a0; le rabougrissement de l\u2019\u00e9conomie et l\u2019\u00e9rosion des classes moyennes occidentales\u00a0; l\u2019appauvrissement de notre conception m\u00eame de l\u2019humanit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Quatre ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes que Lanier tend \u00e0 entrem\u00ealer forment cet avenir funeste : la napsterisation de l\u2019\u00e9conomie soit la perte de la valeur d&rsquo;un bien, comme la musique, une fois que celui-ci est devenu consommable gratuitement et reproductible \u00e0 l&rsquo;infini, l\u2019automatisation, l\u2019auto-entrepreneuriat, et le travail en ligne non r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9. Tout cela aboutirait au fait qu&rsquo;Internet d\u00e9truit plus d&#8217;emplois qu&rsquo;il n&rsquo;en cr\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>Or, la technologie n\u2019est qu\u2019un outil au service de l\u2019humain, rappelle Lanier \u00e0 raison dans son premier ouvrage. Contrairement \u00e0 une vue tr\u00e8s r\u00e9pandue, la technologie n\u2019est ni vertueuse ni corruptrice en elle-m\u00eame. Elle tend simplement \u00e0 rendre nos activit\u00e9s plus efficaces, que l\u2019on g\u00e8re un camp de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, que l\u2019on cherche l\u2019adresse d\u2019une pizzeria ou que l\u2019on pr\u00e9pare un attentat.<\/p>\n<p>Comme solution (ou antidote), Lanier propose trois rem\u00e8des\u00a0: rester critique, se m\u00e9fier de l\u2019hypersp\u00e9cialisation et garder l\u2019humain au centre du probl\u00e8me.<\/p>\n<p>Cependant, pour Thibault Le Texier, auteur de cet article, <em>\u00ab\u00a0loin de repr\u00e9senter une grande rupture historique, Internet n\u2019est en un sens qu\u2019un outil de plus dans la panoplie que l\u2019\u00eatre humain se constitue depuis toujours pour contr\u00f4ler son environnement.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;article : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.laviedesidees.fr\/Misere-de-l-humanite-numerique.html\">Mis\u00e8re de l\u2019humanit\u00e9 num\u00e9rique &#8211; La Vie des id\u00e9es<\/a><em><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La compr\u00e9hension du monde et sa transformation peuvent-elles se r\u00e9duire \u00e0 de simples questions de programmation\u00a0? Alors que vient de para\u00eetre son deuxi\u00e8me ouvrage, Who Owns the Future\u00a0?, La Vie des id\u00e9es discute des intuitions du geek humaniste Jaron Lanier qui d\u00e9nonce la standardisation des consciences et la d\u00e9mon\u00e9tisation croissante de l\u2019\u00e9conomie. L&rsquo;article est tr\u00e8s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14680,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_import_markdown_pro_load_document_selector":0,"_import_markdown_pro_submit_text_textarea":"","_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":3,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"fullscreen","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-10898","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-blogcafe-2","8":"entry"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/blogcafe1.jpg?resize=600%2C400&ssl=1","featured_image_src_square":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/blogcafe1.jpg?resize=600%2C600&ssl=1","author_info":{"display_name":"Lyonel Kaufmann","author_link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/author\/lyonelk\/"},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/blogcafe1.jpg?fit=1024%2C683&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1qtF4-2PM","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":6814,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/2013\/02\/20\/mooc-la-standardisation-ou-linnovation-internetactu-net\/","url_meta":{"origin":10898,"position":0},"title":"Mooc : la standardisation ou l\u2019innovation ? \u00ab InternetActu.net","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"20 f\u00e9vrier 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Le d\u00e9veloppement des cours en ligne massifs et ouverts (Mooc pour massive online open courses) attise autant l\u2019enthousiasme que le rejet. Pourtant, ils n\u2019ont rien de magique et paraissent bien souvent plus une r\u00e9ponse \u00e9conomique qu\u2019\u00e9ducative. En accentuant la concurrence entre universit\u00e9s et entre les \u00e9tudiants eux-m\u00eames\u2026 les Mooc semblent\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;histoire&quot;","block_context":{"text":"histoire","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/category\/histoire-2\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/DAY-OF-THE-MOOC.gif?fit=896%2C566&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/DAY-OF-THE-MOOC.gif?fit=896%2C566&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/DAY-OF-THE-MOOC.gif?fit=896%2C566&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/DAY-OF-THE-MOOC.gif?fit=896%2C566&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":7424,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/2012\/10\/07\/le-siecle-du-grand-meaulnes-la-vie-des-idees\/","url_meta":{"origin":10898,"position":1},"title":"Le si\u00e8cle du Grand Meaulnes | La Vie des id\u00e9es","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"7 octobre 2012","format":false,"excerpt":"D\u2019Alain-Fournier, tomb\u00e9 au feu en 1914, on a fait un h\u00e9ros consensuel, apte \u00e0 incarner la m\u00e9moire nationale. Chaque anniversaire est l\u2019occasion de c\u00e9l\u00e9brer le patriotisme de ce socialiste discret\u00a0; Le Grand Meaulnes, qui fit \u00e9v\u00e9nement en 1913, est r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement tenu pour un br\u00e9viaire de l\u2019enracinement, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019hostilit\u00e9 de son\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Blogcaf\u00e9&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Blogcaf\u00e9","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/category\/blogcafe-2\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/arton2049-0e117.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":7647,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/2013\/11\/01\/lhistoire-est-elle-soluble-dans-les-moocs-chronique-no-146\/","url_meta":{"origin":10898,"position":2},"title":"L&rsquo;histoire est-elle soluble dans les MOOCs? |\u00a0Chronique no 146","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"1 novembre 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Associez deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments de l\u2019actualit\u00e9 avec d\u2019un c\u00f4t\u00e9 les comm\u00e9morations \u00e0 venir de 14-18 et, de l\u2019autre, les MOOC et vous avez un duo qui devrait faire parler de lui. C\u2019est ainsi que France Universit\u00e9 Num\u00e9rique (FUN, faut oser!), vous propose son MOOC d\u00e9di\u00e9 \u00e0 l'enseignement de l'histoire \u2014 La\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;histoire&quot;","block_context":{"text":"histoire","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/category\/histoire-2\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/DAY-OF-THE-MOOC1.gif?fit=896%2C566&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/DAY-OF-THE-MOOC1.gif?fit=896%2C566&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/DAY-OF-THE-MOOC1.gif?fit=896%2C566&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/DAY-OF-THE-MOOC1.gif?fit=896%2C566&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":9863,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/2013\/05\/31\/les-moocs-vont-ils-tuer-la-formation-a-distance-thot-cursus-2\/","url_meta":{"origin":10898,"position":3},"title":"Les MOOCs vont-ils tuer la formation \u00e0 distance ? | Thot Cursus","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"31 mai 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"See on Scoop.it - Enseigner avec le num\u00e9rique au 21e si\u00e8cle \u00abDans la premi\u00e8re enqu\u00eate sur les concepteurs de MOOCs, r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par\u00a0The Chronicle of Higher Education\u00a0, on constate que les enseignants qui se sont lanc\u00e9s les premiers dans les MOOCs n'\u00e9taient auparavant pas favorables au e-learning. Leur opinion a chang\u00e9\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Blogcaf\u00e9&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Blogcaf\u00e9","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/category\/blogcafe-2\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"http:\/\/img.scoop.it\/QCVqtHBbAxnuqLU45eot_zl72eJkfbmt4t8yenImKBXEejxNn4ZJNZ2ss5Ku7Cxt","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":7002,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/2013\/04\/22\/lorigine-medievale-de-lhyperlien-des-pointeurs-et-des-smileys-frederic-kaplan\/","url_meta":{"origin":10898,"position":4},"title":"L\u2019origine m\u00e9di\u00e9vale de l\u2019hyperlien, des pointeurs et des smileys | Frederic Kaplan","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"22 avril 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par Frederic Kaplan dans une vitrine holographique pour l\u2019exposition \u00ab\u2009Le lecteur \u00e0 l\u2019oeuvre\u2009\u00bb, le manuscrit\u00a0est une copie du XIVe si\u00e8cle produite \u00e0 Bologne d\u2019un texte juridique de l\u2019empereur byzantin Justinien Ier. L\u2019empereur Justinien a op\u00e9r\u00e9 au VIe si\u00e8cle un grand travail de r\u00e9organisation l\u00e9gislative.\u00a0Au fil des si\u00e8cles, les diff\u00e9rents\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;histoire&quot;","block_context":{"text":"histoire","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/category\/histoire-2\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Manucule","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/manucule.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":4042,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/2011\/09\/03\/sir-ken-robinson-revolutionnez-leducation\/","url_meta":{"origin":10898,"position":5},"title":"Sir Ken Robinson: R\u00e9volutionnez l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation!","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"3 septembre 2011","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00abLes dogmes du pass\u00e9 serein sont inad\u00e9quats pour le pr\u00e9sent temp\u00e9tueux.\u00bb Abraham Lincoln au Congr\u00e8s (1862) D\u00e9sormais les jeux sont faits concernant les deux projets d'\u00e9cole soumis aux citoyen-ne-s vaudois-e-s. 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