{"id":7558,"date":"2013-10-04T08:07:26","date_gmt":"2013-10-04T07:07:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/?p=7558"},"modified":"2013-10-04T08:07:26","modified_gmt":"2013-10-04T07:07:26","slug":"quelle-memoire-pour-les-fusilles-de-14-18-un-point-de-vue-historien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/2013\/10\/04\/quelle-memoire-pour-les-fusilles-de-14-18-un-point-de-vue-historien\/","title":{"rendered":"Quelle m\u00e9moire pour les fusill\u00e9s de 14-18? Un point de vue historien"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>De 1914 \u00e0 1918, 741 jeunes soldats fran\u00e7ais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9s et fusill\u00e9s. La mission du centenaire vient de remettre son rapport, sous la direction d&rsquo;Antoine Prost.  Les faits sont troublants : le nombre de fusill\u00e9s est directement li\u00e9 \u00e0 la dur\u00e9e d ela guerre. 1914 et 1915 sont  les pires ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e entend installer son autorit\u00e9. On fusille pour refus d&rsquo;ob\u00e9issance (60 en 1915) ou \u00ab\u00a0abandon de poste\u00a0\u00bb (148 la m\u00eame ann\u00e9e).<br \/>\nAujourd\u00b4hui, alors que la stigmatisation des familles n&rsquo;existe plus et que notre regard \u00e0 chang\u00e9 \u00e0 leurs propos, que faire ? Quatre pistes sont abord\u00e9es et discut\u00e9es dans ce rapport :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ne rien faire<\/li>\n<li>D\u00e9cr\u00e9ter une r\u00e9habilitation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale<\/li>\n<li>Proc\u00e9der \u00e0 une r\u00e9habilitation au cas par cas<\/li>\n<li>Une d\u00e9claration solennelle, \u00e9ventuellement renforc\u00e9e par un projet p\u00e9dagogique.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>P\u00e9dagogiquement, aborder la guerre sous cet angle am\u00e8ne les \u00e9l\u00e8ves \u00e0 saisir l&rsquo;originalit\u00e9 de ce conflit et, en m\u00eame temps, \u00e0 saisir les enjeux contemporains de la m\u00e9moire.<\/p>\n<p>Le rapport au format .pdf : <a href=\"http:\/\/centenaire.org\/sites\/default\/files\/references-files\/rapport_fusilles.pdf\">http:\/\/centenaire.org\/sites\/default\/files\/references-files\/rapport_fusilles.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>De 1914 \u00e0 1918, 741 jeunes soldats fran\u00e7ais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9s et fusill\u00e9s. La mission du centenaire vient de remettre son rapport, sous la direction d&rsquo;Antoine Prost. Les faits sont troublants : le nombre de fusill\u00e9s est directement li\u00e9 \u00e0 la dur\u00e9e d ela guerre. 1914 et 1915 sont les pires ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e entend [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14680,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_import_markdown_pro_load_document_selector":0,"_import_markdown_pro_submit_text_textarea":"","_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":3,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"fullscreen","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[2],"tags":[499,93,1052],"class_list":{"0":"post-7558","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-histoire-2","8":"tag-14-18","9":"tag-commemorations","10":"tag-fusilles","11":"entry"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/blogcafe1.jpg?resize=600%2C400&ssl=1","featured_image_src_square":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/blogcafe1.jpg?resize=600%2C600&ssl=1","author_info":{"display_name":"Lyonel Kaufmann","author_link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/author\/lyonelk\/"},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/blogcafe1.jpg?fit=1024%2C683&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1qtF4-1XU","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":5509,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/2012\/06\/04\/14-18-obeir-est-ce-adherer-chronique-no-133\/","url_meta":{"origin":7558,"position":0},"title":"14-18 : ob\u00e9ir est-ce adh\u00e9rer ? | Chronique no 133","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"4 juin 2012","format":false,"excerpt":"Apr\u00e8s le maelstr\u00f6m en 2008 des comm\u00e9morations du quatre-vingt-dixi\u00e8me anniversaire de la signature de l\u2019armistice de Rethondes et de la disparition la m\u00eame ann\u00e9e du dernier poilu, le temps de la recherche historique est peut-\u00eatre revenu. Renouvellera-t-il notre enseignement de 14-18, voire notre enseignement de l'histoire tout court \u00e0 l'\u00e8re\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;histoire&quot;","block_context":{"text":"histoire","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/category\/histoire-2\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/saintfuscien_avosordres.jpg?fit=400%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":7883,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/2013\/12\/06\/pourquoi-appelle-t-on-la-premiere-guerre-mondiale-la-grande-guerre-14-18-chroniques-du-centenaire\/","url_meta":{"origin":7558,"position":1},"title":"Pourquoi appelle-t-on la premi\u00e8re guerre mondiale la \u00ab\u00a0Grande Guerre\u00a0\u00bb ? | 14-18 : Chroniques du Centenaire","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"6 d\u00e9cembre 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Toutes les nations bellig\u00e9rantes ont employ\u00e9 cette expression. Une question se pose pourtant : quand et dans quel pays l'expression \u00ab Grande Guerre \u00bb est-elle apparue pour la premi\u00e8re fois ? L'historien Nicolas Offenstadt, sp\u00e9cialiste de la premi\u00e8re guerre mondiale, r\u00e9pond : \u00ab A ma connaissance, on manque d'une \u00e9tude\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;histoire&quot;","block_context":{"text":"histoire","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/category\/histoire-2\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/blogcafe1.jpg?fit=1024%2C683&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/blogcafe1.jpg?fit=1024%2C683&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/blogcafe1.jpg?fit=1024%2C683&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/blogcafe1.jpg?fit=1024%2C683&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":8540,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/2014\/11\/11\/14-18-revue-de-presse-du-11-novembre\/","url_meta":{"origin":7558,"position":2},"title":"14-18 : revue de presse du 11 novembre","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"11 novembre 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"Les comm\u00e9morations de 14-18 battent leur plein plus particuli\u00e8rement en ce 11 novembre. Revue de presse subjective d\u2019articles actuels ou de 2014 sur le conflit. Documentaire. En m\u00e9moire de ces \u00abPoilus d\u2019ailleurs\u00bb | Mediapart\u00a0 Ils venaient de tous les coins du monde, enr\u00f4l\u00e9s de gr\u00e9 ou de force pour se\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;histoire&quot;","block_context":{"text":"histoire","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/category\/histoire-2\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/1415738078_thumb.jpeg.jpg?fit=720%2C405&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/1415738078_thumb.jpeg.jpg?fit=720%2C405&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/1415738078_thumb.jpeg.jpg?fit=720%2C405&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/1415738078_thumb.jpeg.jpg?fit=720%2C405&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":15884,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/2015\/12\/25\/noel-1915-limage-de-la-guerre-publication-hebdomadaire-illustree\/","url_meta":{"origin":7558,"position":3},"title":"No\u00ebl 1915 : L&rsquo;Image de la guerre : publication hebdomadaire illustr\u00e9e","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"25 d\u00e9cembre 2015","format":"image","excerpt":"A l'origine, \u00ab L'image de la guerre \u00bb est une revue hebdomadaire publi\u00e9e \u00e0 Bellegarde dans l'Ain pr\u00e8s de la Suisse. Elle para\u00eet pour la premi\u00e8re fois en novembre 1914 et dispara\u00eet avec la fin de la guerre. Cette revue contient de nombreuses et bonnes photographies dont un grand nombre\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Blogcaf\u00e9&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Blogcaf\u00e9","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/category\/blogcafe-2\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/image-de-la-guerre-1915.jpg?fit=400%2C577&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":8076,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/2014\/06\/29\/14-18-archibald-reiss-un-suisse-dans-la-tourmente\/","url_meta":{"origin":7558,"position":4},"title":"14-18 : Archibald Reiss, un Suisse dans la tourmente","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"29 juin 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"Dans un article consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 la Serbie durant la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale, Mediapart\u00a0 ((\u00abSerbie h\u00e9ro\u00efque, Serbie martyre\u00bb, le d\u00e9sastre de 1915 - Page 1 | Mediapart http:\/\/www.mediapart.fr\/journal\/culture-idees\/290614\/serbie-heroique-serbie-martyre-le-desastre-de-1915?page_article=1)) nous fait d\u00e9couvrir la personnalit\u00e9 d\u2019Archibald Reiss, un Suisse qui fut charg\u00e9 par la Serbie de mener l\u2019enqu\u00eate sur les exactions perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es par\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;histoire&quot;","block_context":{"text":"histoire","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/category\/histoire-2\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"wpid-File-Archibald_Reiss-2014-06-29-20-50.gif","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/wpid-File-Archibald_Reiss-2014-06-29-20-50.gif?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":6043,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/2012\/08\/26\/auschwitz-symbole-de-lholocauste-tourisme-marianne\/","url_meta":{"origin":7558,"position":5},"title":"Auschwitz, symbole de \u00abl\u2019holocauste-tourisme\u00bb | Marianne","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"26 ao\u00fbt 2012","format":false,"excerpt":"Le camp d'Auschwitz, en Pologne, serait-il devenu le parfait contre-exemple du travail de m\u00e9moire ? C'est ce que soutient Gilbert Casasus, professeur en \u00e9tudes europ\u00e9ennes, qui met en cause un syst\u00e8me de visites guid\u00e9es o\u00f9 superficiel et compassion dominent, au d\u00e9triment de l'histoire et de l'information. Apr\u00e8s plus de deux\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;histoire&quot;","block_context":{"text":"histoire","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/category\/histoire-2\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Bundesarchiv_Bild_175-04413_KZ_Auschwitz_Einfahrt.jpg?fit=800%2C504&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Bundesarchiv_Bild_175-04413_KZ_Auschwitz_Einfahrt.jpg?fit=800%2C504&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Bundesarchiv_Bild_175-04413_KZ_Auschwitz_Einfahrt.jpg?fit=800%2C504&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Bundesarchiv_Bild_175-04413_KZ_Auschwitz_Einfahrt.jpg?fit=800%2C504&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7558","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7558"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7558\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14680"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7558"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7558"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7558"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}