{"id":8089,"date":"2014-07-06T14:56:23","date_gmt":"2014-07-06T13:56:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/?p=8089"},"modified":"2014-07-06T14:56:23","modified_gmt":"2014-07-06T13:56:23","slug":"neandertal-il-nest-pas-lhomme-que-vous-croyez-mediapart","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/2014\/07\/06\/neandertal-il-nest-pas-lhomme-que-vous-croyez-mediapart\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00e9andertal: il n&rsquo;est pas l&rsquo;homme que vous croyez | Mediapart"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Il y a 430 000 ans, un groupe d\u2019humains primitifs a v\u00e9cu au nord de l\u2019Espagne, dans la sierra de Atapuerca, une formation de roches calcaires et argileuses, creus\u00e9e de galeries et de grottes souterraines. Vingt-huit individus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 ensevelis dans une cavit\u00e9 au fond d\u2019un puits de 14 m\u00e8tres appel\u00e9 la Sima de los Huesos, la \u00ab\u00a0grotte des os\u00a0\u00bb, peut-\u00eatre noy\u00e9s par les eaux de pluie pendant qu\u2019ils exploraient les galeries. Leurs restes, qui constituent la plus grande accumulation de fossiles humains jamais retrouv\u00e9e en un m\u00eame lieu, sont en train de r\u00e9volutionner l\u2019histoire de l\u2019homme de N\u00e9andertal, pr\u00e9d\u00e9cesseur de l\u2019<em>Homo sapiens<\/em> en Europe.<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size:12pt;color:#000000;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/wpid-Pitofbones3.jpg-2014-07-6-15-56.png?resize=620%2C413\" alt=\"wpid-Pitofbones3.jpg-2014-07-6-15-56.png\" width=\"620\" height=\"413\" \/><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size:11pt;color:#575959;\">Juan Luis Arsuaga pendant une fouille dans la Sima de los Huesos \u00a9 Reuters<br \/>\n<\/span>Les cr\u00e2nes de dix-sept hommes de la Sima de los Huesos ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tudi\u00e9s par l\u2019\u00e9quipe du pal\u00e9ontologue espagnol Juan Luis Arsuaga. Ils pr\u00e9sentent des caract\u00e8res typiquement n\u00e9andertaliens\u00a0: arcades sourcili\u00e8res pro\u00e9minentes, pommettes effac\u00e9es, fortes m\u00e2choires avec des molaires plates et larges. La Sima de los Huesos, o\u00f9 l\u2019on a d\u00e9nombr\u00e9 plus de 6\u00a0000 fragments d\u2019os, appara\u00eet donc comme l\u2019un des premiers berceaux de la lign\u00e9e n\u00e9andertalienne. Cette derni\u00e8re, dont on a longtemps situ\u00e9 l\u2019origine \u00e0 environ 250\u00a0000 ans, remonterait en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d\u2019un demi-million d\u2019ann\u00e9es.<br \/>\nDepuis 2012, en deux ans \u00e0 peine, une s\u00e9rie de travaux scientifiques a totalement renouvel\u00e9 les connaissances sur les N\u00e9andertaliens. Publi\u00e9 dans <em>Science<\/em>, l\u2019article <span style=\"text-decoration:underline;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/content\/344\/6190\/1358\">d\u2019Arsuaga et de ses coll\u00e8gues de l\u2019universit\u00e9 Complutense de Madrid<\/a><\/span> vient s\u2019ajouter \u00e0 une s\u00e9rie d\u2019\u00e9tudes g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques toutes r\u00e9centes sur l\u2019ADN des anciens Europ\u00e9ens. Ces travaux, men\u00e9s pour l\u2019essentiel par un groupe de g\u00e9n\u00e9ticiens de Leipzig, ont \u00e9clair\u00e9 les relations entre les hommes modernes et les N\u00e9andertaliens, cette deuxi\u00e8me esp\u00e8ce humaine qui passionne les pal\u00e9ontologues depuis un si\u00e8cle et demi.<br \/>\n<strong>Qui \u00e9taient ces autres hommes, premiers habitants r\u00e9guliers de l\u2019Europe occidentale\u00a0? D\u2019o\u00f9 venaient-ils\u00a0? \u00c9taient-ils tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rents des <em>Homo sapiens<\/em>\u00a0? Pourquoi ont-ils disparu\u00a0? Que nous apprennent-ils sur notre propre esp\u00e8ce\u00a0?<\/strong> <strong>Mediapart retrace les principales d\u00e9couvertes qui redessinent la figure de l\u2019homme de N\u00e9andertal.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>N\u00e9andertal: il n&rsquo;est pas l&rsquo;homme que vous croyez | Mediapart : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mediapart.fr\/journal\/international\/060714\/neandertal-il-nest-pas-lhomme-que-vous-croyez\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.mediapart.fr\/journal\/international\/060714\/neandertal-il-nest-pas-lhomme-que-vous-croyez<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Il y a 430 000 ans, un groupe d\u2019humains primitifs a v\u00e9cu au nord de l\u2019Espagne, dans la sierra de Atapuerca, une formation de roches calcaires et argileuses, creus\u00e9e de galeries et de grottes souterraines. Vingt-huit individus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 ensevelis dans une cavit\u00e9 au fond d\u2019un puits de 14 m\u00e8tres appel\u00e9 la Sima de los [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14607,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_import_markdown_pro_load_document_selector":0,"_import_markdown_pro_submit_text_textarea":"","_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":3,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"fullscreen","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-8089","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-histoire-2","8":"entry"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/wpid-pitofbones3-jpg-2014-07-6-15-56.png?resize=600%2C400&ssl=1","featured_image_src_square":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/wpid-pitofbones3-jpg-2014-07-6-15-56.png?resize=600%2C413&ssl=1","author_info":{"display_name":"Lyonel Kaufmann","author_link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/author\/lyonelk\/"},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/wpid-pitofbones3-jpg-2014-07-6-15-56.png?fit=620%2C413&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1qtF4-26t","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":6382,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/2012\/11\/06\/on-a-tous-en-nous-quelque-chose-de-neandertal-slate\/","url_meta":{"origin":8089,"position":0},"title":"On a tous en nous quelque chose de N\u00e9andertal | Slate","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"6 novembre 2012","format":false,"excerpt":"Un homme et une femme de N\u00e9andertal, mus\u00e9e de N\u00e9andertal de D\u00fcsseldorf, via Wikimedia Commons.\u00a0Wikimedia Commons Dans Slate, Ann Gibbons fait le point sur les diff\u00e9rentes th\u00e9ories sur l'homme moderne et nos relations avec les hommes de N\u00e9andertal ainsi que les Denisoviens. Elle explique comment la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique prouve que nos\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;histoire&quot;","block_context":{"text":"histoire","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/category\/histoire-2\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/neandertal_adam_ve_kadin_modeli_almanya_copy.jpg?fit=540%2C297&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/neandertal_adam_ve_kadin_modeli_almanya_copy.jpg?fit=540%2C297&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/neandertal_adam_ve_kadin_modeli_almanya_copy.jpg?fit=540%2C297&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2809,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/2010\/05\/10\/madame-sapiens-a-fait-crac-crac-avec-monsieur-neandertal\/","url_meta":{"origin":8089,"position":1},"title":"Madame Sapiens a fait crac-crac avec monsieur N\u00e9andertal","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"10 mai 2010","format":false,"excerpt":"Traiter certains individus d'homme de N\u00e9andertal n'est peut-\u00eatre pas qu'une injure, mais un fait d\u00e9sormais \u00e9tabli gr\u00e2ce aux travaux sur l'ADN d'une \u00e9quipe internationale de chercheurs, dirig\u00e9e par Svante P\u00e4\u00e4bo, un biologiste su\u00e9dois. Eloign\u00e9e de la version romanesque, pourtant appuy\u00e9e par des conseillers scientifiques, de la s\u00e9rie l'Odyss\u00e9e de l'Esp\u00e8ce\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;histoire&quot;","block_context":{"text":"histoire","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/category\/histoire-2\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Os de neandertaliens","src":"http:\/\/sciences.blogs.liberation.fr\/.a\/6a00e5500b4a648833013480848e03970c-300wi","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":16244,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/2016\/03\/30\/les-genes-de-neandertal-ont-ameliore-limmunite-de-lhomme-moderne\/","url_meta":{"origin":8089,"position":2},"title":"Les g\u00e8nes de N\u00e9andertal ont am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l&rsquo;immunit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;Homme Moderne","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"30 mars 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Le croisement des hommes modernes et des n\u00e9andertaliens en Europe il y a des milliers d'ann\u00e9es, a donn\u00e9 aux hommes des variations g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques qui ont augment\u00e9 la capacit\u00e9 de ceux qui les portent \u00e0 lutter contre les infections. 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Cependant, nulle volont\u00e9 de transfert de technologies sur mode de coop\u00e9ration Nord-Sud l\u00e0-dedans pour le pr\u00e9historien Jean-Jacques Hublin, \u00abc\u2019est bien l\u2019homme moderne qui est responsable de l\u2019extinction de N\u00e9andertal\u00bb. Lire l'article : N\u00e9andertal,\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;histoire&quot;","block_context":{"text":"histoire","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/category\/histoire-2\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/blogcafe1.jpg?fit=1024%2C683&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/blogcafe1.jpg?fit=1024%2C683&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/blogcafe1.jpg?fit=1024%2C683&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/blogcafe1.jpg?fit=1024%2C683&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":7523,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/2013\/09\/22\/revue-de-presse-plusieurs-cultures-lithiques-pour-neandertal-hominides\/","url_meta":{"origin":8089,"position":4},"title":"Revue de presse : Plusieurs cultures lithiques pour N\u00e9andertal &#8211; Hominid\u00e9s","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"22 septembre 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Au fur et \u00e0 mesure que les \u00e9tudes sur N\u00e9andertal se multiplient, on assiste v\u00e9ritablement \u00e0 une r\u00e9habilitation de cet homme pr\u00e9historique. Il y a cent ans on lui trouvait un air animal, une posture bestiale et surtout un d\u00e9veloppement intellectuel faible. 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Read More >>","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;L'Expresso&quot;","block_context":{"text":"L'Expresso","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/category\/breves\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/blogcafe1.jpg?fit=1024%2C683&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/blogcafe1.jpg?fit=1024%2C683&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/blogcafe1.jpg?fit=1024%2C683&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/blogcafe1.jpg?fit=1024%2C683&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8089","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8089"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8089\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14607"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8089"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8089"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8089"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}