{"id":11217,"date":"2016-03-15T21:04:01","date_gmt":"2016-03-15T20:04:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/?p=11217"},"modified":"2016-03-15T21:04:45","modified_gmt":"2016-03-15T20:04:45","slug":"neandertal-vivait-en-espagne-il-y-a-430000-ans-mediapart","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2016\/03\/15\/neandertal-vivait-en-espagne-il-y-a-430000-ans-mediapart\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00e9andertal vivait en Espagne il y a 430’000 ans | Mediapart"},"content":{"rendered":"

Une \u00e9quipe de Leipzig a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 d\u00e9crypter le plus ancien ADN humain jamais s\u00e9quenc\u00e9. Il prouve que des N\u00e9andertaliens vivaient il y a 430\u00a0000 ans dans la Sima de los Huesos, la \u00ab\u00a0Grotte des os\u00a0\u00bb, en Espagne.<\/p>\n

Les N\u00e9andertaliens, premiers occupants de l\u2019Europe, \u00e9taient d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9sents en Espagne il y a 430\u00a0000 ans, et leur lign\u00e9e s\u2019est s\u00e9par\u00e9e de celle de l\u2019homme moderne, notre esp\u00e8ce, il y a entre 550\u00a0000 et 765\u00a0000 ans, bien plus t\u00f4t qu\u2019on ne le pensait.<\/p>\n

\n
\"Poudre
Poudre d’os d’un fossile vieux de 430 000 ans de la Sima de los Huesos, dont a \u00e9t\u00e9 tir\u00e9e une s\u00e9quence d’ADN. \u00a9 Javier Trueba, MADRID SCIENTIFIC FILMS<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

C\u2019est ce que d\u00e9montre\u00a0l\u2019\u00e9tude du plus ancien ADN humain jamais s\u00e9quenc\u00e9,<\/a>\u00a0r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par l\u2019\u00e9quipe de Matthias Meyer et Svante P\u00e4\u00e4bo, de l\u2019Institut Max-Planck d\u2019anthropologie \u00e9volutionniste, \u00e0 Leipzig, et publi\u00e9e le 14 mars dans la revue britannique\u00a0Nature<\/i>.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Les r\u00e9sultats\u00a0<\/i>[de cette \u00e9tude]\u00a0fournissent un point d\u2019ancrage important dans la chronologie de l\u2019\u00e9volution humaine<\/i>, estime Svante P\u00e4\u00e4bo.\u00a0Ils s\u2019accordent avec une s\u00e9paration plut\u00f4t ancienne entre la lign\u00e9e des hommes modernes et les humains archa\u00efques, datant de 550\u00a0000 \u00e0 750\u00a0000 ans.\u00a0\u00bb<\/i>\u00a0<\/i>Ce qui impliquerait que les anc\u00eatres d\u2019Homo sapiens<\/i>\u00a0aient commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 se dissocier des autres humains anciens entre 100\u00a0000 et 300\u00a0000 ans plus t\u00f4t qu\u2019on ne le pensait.<\/p>\n

Si les origines de l\u2019homme moderne sont plus anciennes qu\u2019on ne l\u2019imaginait, cela conduit \u00e0 r\u00e9viser le statut de certains fossiles. On pensait que les hommes modernes et les N\u00e9andertaliens \u00e9taient issus d\u2019une autre population appel\u00e9e\u00a0Homo heidelbergensis.\u00a0<\/i>Mais ce dernier a des repr\u00e9sentants beaucoup trop r\u00e9cents pour correspondre \u00e0 la chronologie r\u00e9sultant de l\u2019ADN de la Sima de los Huesos. Un certain nombre de fossiles class\u00e9s comme\u00a0Heidelbergensis<\/i>\u00a0doivent-ils \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 comme des N\u00e9andertaliens\u00a0?<\/p>\n

Et peut-on retrouver l\u2019anc\u00eatre commun aux anciens Europ\u00e9ens et \u00e0 l\u2019homme moderne\u00a0? Selon\u00a0Nature<\/i>, le meilleur candidat serait\u00a0Homo antecessor<\/i>, une esp\u00e8ce remontant \u00e0 environ 900\u00a0000 ans, d\u00e9couverte elle aussi en Espagne, dans la Sierra de Atapuerca, par l\u2019\u00e9quipe d\u2019Arsuaga. Mais son ADN n\u2019a pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tudi\u00e9 par Meyer et P\u00e4\u00e4bo.<\/p>\n

Source\u00a0: N\u00e9andertal vivait en Espagne il y a 430 000 ans | Mediapart<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Une \u00e9quipe de Leipzig a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 d\u00e9crypter le plus ancien ADN humain jamais s\u00e9quenc\u00e9. Il prouve que des N\u00e9andertaliens vivaient il y a 430\u00a0000 ans dans la Sima de los Huesos, la \u00ab\u00a0Grotte des os\u00a0\u00bb, en Espagne. Les N\u00e9andertaliens, premiers occupants de l\u2019Europe, \u00e9taient d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9sents en Espagne il y a 430\u00a0000 ans, et […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11218,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_import_markdown_pro_load_document_selector":0,"_import_markdown_pro_submit_text_textarea":"","_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[5,11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11217","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-histoire-savante","category-nouvelles-de-lhistoire","entry"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/1-dnalab-2-credit-javier-trueba-madrid-scientific-films.jpg?resize=600%2C400&ssl=1","featured_image_src_square":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/1-dnalab-2-credit-javier-trueba-madrid-scientific-films.jpg?resize=600%2C496&ssl=1","author_info":{"display_name":"Lyonel Kaufmann","author_link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/author\/lyonelk\/"},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1rJVM-2UV","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":8089,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2014\/07\/06\/neandertal-il-nest-pas-lhomme-que-vous-croyez-mediapart\/","url_meta":{"origin":11217,"position":0},"title":"N\u00e9andertal: il n'est pas l'homme que vous croyez | Mediapart","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"6 juillet 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"Il y a 430 000 ans, un groupe d\u2019humains primitifs a v\u00e9cu au nord de l\u2019Espagne, dans la sierra de Atapuerca, une formation de roches calcaires et argileuses, creus\u00e9e de galeries et de grottes souterraines. 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Eloign\u00e9e de la version romanesque, pourtant appuy\u00e9e par des conseillers scientifiques, de la s\u00e9rie l'Odyss\u00e9e de l'Esp\u00e8ce\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans "BP110 - Faire de l'histoire aujourd'hui"","block_context":{"text":"BP110 - Faire de l'histoire aujourd'hui","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/cours-et-seminaires\/bp110-faire-de-lhistoire-aujourdhui\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Os de neandertaliens","src":"http:\/\/sciences.blogs.liberation.fr\/.a\/6a00e5500b4a648833013480848e03970c-300wi","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":11492,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2016\/05\/26\/decouvertes-neandertal-modern-or-not-modern\/","url_meta":{"origin":11217,"position":2},"title":"D\u00e9couvertes : Neandertal modern or not modern ?","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"26 mai 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"S\u2019aventurer dans les profondeurs d\u2019une grotte, y\u00a0faire\u00a0reculer\u00a0l\u2019obscurit\u00e9, une torche \u00e0 la main.\u00a0Trouver\u00a0une vaste salle h\u00e9riss\u00e9e de stalagmites. 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