{"id":15110,"date":"2018-11-01T16:47:46","date_gmt":"2018-11-01T15:47:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/?p=15110"},"modified":"2018-11-01T16:47:46","modified_gmt":"2018-11-01T15:47:46","slug":"le-genocide-des-tziganes-et-la-memoire-carnets-de-terrain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2018\/11\/01\/le-genocide-des-tziganes-et-la-memoire-carnets-de-terrain\/","title":{"rendered":"Le g\u00e9nocide des Tziganes et la m\u00e9moire \u2013 Carnets de Terrain"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A l&rsquo;occasion du d\u00e9fil\u00e9 annuel des Roms et des Sintis qui a lieu en R\u00e9publique tch\u00e8que,\u00a0<em>Carnets de Terrain<\/em> met en perspective l&rsquo;actualit\u00e9 r\u00e9cente et notamment les propos tenu\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/abonnes.lemonde.fr\/europe\/article\/2018\/06\/18\/l-italie-se-penche-sur-la-question-des-roms-annonce-m-salvini_5317262_3214.html?xtref=https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/long-format\/article\/2018\/10\/03\/tziganes-le-genocide-oublie_5363736_5345421.html\">les propos tenus en juin par Matteo Salvini<\/a>, le ministre de l\u2019Int\u00e9rieur italien et vice-pr\u00e9sident du Conseil avec le travail r\u00e9alis\u00e9 \u00a0par\u00a0Michael Stewart, anthropologue \u00e0 l\u2019University College de Londres, dans le num\u00e9ro 54 de <em>Terrain <\/em>qui indiquait en 2010 que le g\u00e9nocide des Tziganes \u00e9tait longtemps rest\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/terrain\/13989\">une catastrophe invisible\u00a0\u00bb.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Dans cet article, Michael Stewart analyse la pers\u00e9cution et le g\u00e9nocide particuli\u00e8rement \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9sorganis\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb et \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9sordonn\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb des Tziganes durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Il rattache le caract\u00e8re localis\u00e9 de leur pers\u00e9cution \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chec, apr\u00e8s le conflit, de la reconnaissance de cette catastrophe. Il souligne ainsi le caract\u00e8re probl\u00e9matique de la notion d\u2019intention g\u00e9nocidaire:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"texte\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>\u00ab Vus de l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur au moment o\u00f9 ils ont lieu, tous les g\u00e9nocides semblent par nature ambigus et non plausibles. Durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, le monde regardait ailleurs, pr\u00e9f\u00e9rant ne pas savoir. En Bosnie, il se laissait repr\u00e9senter par un envoy\u00e9 des Nations unies d\u2019une incomp\u00e9tence criminelle, qui, \u00e0 force d\u2019atermoiements et de pleurnicheries, permit aux nettoyeurs ethniques de faire de sa pr\u00e9sence l\u2019une des armes les plus importantes de leur crime de masse. Au Rwanda, le monde fit mine de n\u2019avoir pas le temps de remarquer ce qui se passait. \u00c0 l\u2019heure o\u00f9 j\u2019\u00e9cris, la communaut\u00e9 internationale rougit et regarde ses pieds, niant que la boucherie du Darfour constitue un g\u00e9nocide \u00e0 proprement parler, et esp\u00e9rant que personne ne la forcera \u00e0 agir contre le r\u00e9gime criminel de Khartoum.\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Avec ce constat qui, en raison de l&rsquo;actualit\u00e9 r\u00e9cente et des d\u00e9rives de gouvernements et de dirigeants actuels flirtant dangereusement, pour ne pas dire plus, avec l&rsquo;extr\u00eame-droite, n&rsquo;est gu\u00e8re rassurant que<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"texte\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>\u00ab C\u2019est toujours apr\u00e8s coup qu\u2019il est possible d\u2019affirmer sans ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 qu\u2019un g\u00e9nocide a eu lieu.\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>R\u00e9f\u00e9rence : Michael\u00a0<span class=\"familyName\">Stewart<\/span>, \u00ab\u00a0Une catastrophe invisible. La Shoah des Tziganes \u00bb,\u00a0<em>Terrain<\/em>\u00a0[En ligne], 54\u00a0|\u00a0mars 2010. <a href=\"http:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/terrain\/13989\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/terrain\/13989<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Source\u00a0: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/blogterrain.hypotheses.org\/11598\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Le g\u00e9nocide des Tziganes et la m\u00e9moire \u2013 Carnets de Terrain<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Cr\u00e9dit photo :\u00a0Un groupe de Roms \u00e0 Asperg, en Allemagne, rassembl\u00e9s par les autorit\u00e9s du Reich pour \u00eatre d\u00e9port\u00e9s, le 22 mai 1940. Par Bundesarchiv, R 165 Bild-244-48 \/ CC-BY-SA 3.0, CC BY-SA 3.0 de, <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=5441619\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=5441619<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A l&rsquo;occasion du d\u00e9fil\u00e9 annuel des Roms et des Sintis qui a lieu en R\u00e9publique tch\u00e8que,\u00a0Carnets de Terrain met en perspective l&rsquo;actualit\u00e9 r\u00e9cente et notamment les propos tenu\u00a0les propos tenus en juin par Matteo Salvini, le ministre de l\u2019Int\u00e9rieur italien et vice-pr\u00e9sident du Conseil avec le travail r\u00e9alis\u00e9 \u00a0par\u00a0Michael Stewart, anthropologue \u00e0 l\u2019University College de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15111,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_import_markdown_pro_load_document_selector":0,"_import_markdown_pro_submit_text_textarea":"","_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[5,11,13,16],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-15110","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-histoire-savante","8":"category-nouvelles-de-lhistoire","9":"category-opinionsreflexions","10":"category-publications","11":"entry"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Bundesarchiv_R_165_Bild-244-48_Asperg_Deportation_von_Sinti_und_Roma.jpg?resize=600%2C400&ssl=1","featured_image_src_square":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Bundesarchiv_R_165_Bild-244-48_Asperg_Deportation_von_Sinti_und_Roma.jpg?resize=600%2C517&ssl=1","author_info":{"display_name":"Lyonel Kaufmann","author_link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/author\/lyonelk\/"},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Bundesarchiv_R_165_Bild-244-48_Asperg_Deportation_von_Sinti_und_Roma.jpg?fit=800%2C517&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1rJVM-3VI","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":13066,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2017\/05\/12\/enseigner-les-genocides-lexemple-de-la-semaine-de-la-recherche-sur-les-genocides\/","url_meta":{"origin":15110,"position":0},"title":"Enseigner les g\u00e9nocides : l\u2019exemple de la semaine de la recherche sur les g\u00e9nocides","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"12 mai 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"A fin avril, Fran\u00e7ois Hollande a initi\u00e9 une \"semaine de la recherche sur les g\u00e9nocides\" dans les lyc\u00e9es. En l'absence de tout texte officiel, l\u2019Association des Professeurs d\u2019Histoire-G\u00e9ographie (APHG) a interrog\u00e9 l'inspecteur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Vincent Duclert, pr\u00e9sident de la Mission d'\u00e9tude sur la recherche et l'enseignement des g\u00e9nocides, sur la fa\u00e7on\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Didactique&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Didactique","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/didactique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/DraggedImage.27f2328a851c474fbf8fc064e0c7f120.png?fit=640%2C948&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/DraggedImage.27f2328a851c474fbf8fc064e0c7f120.png?fit=640%2C948&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/DraggedImage.27f2328a851c474fbf8fc064e0c7f120.png?fit=640%2C948&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":12936,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2017\/03\/18\/et-soudain-le-genocide-vous-apparait-bien-en-face\/","url_meta":{"origin":15110,"position":1},"title":"Et soudain, le g\u00e9nocide vous appara\u00eet bien en face","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"18 mars 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Pourquoi, \u00e0 une \u00e9poque o\u00f9 l\u2019histoire de la violence et des g\u00e9nocides suscite le plus vif int\u00e9r\u00eat du public, celui du Rwanda int\u00e9resse si peu? Il y a un quart de si\u00e8cle, pr\u00e8s d\u2019un million de personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 assassin\u00e9es en l\u2019espace de cent jours. L\u2019Afrique est-elle vraiment trop \u00abloin\u00bb\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Histoire savante&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Histoire savante","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/didactique\/histoire-savante\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/img_1847.jpg?fit=1200%2C433&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/img_1847.jpg?fit=1200%2C433&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/img_1847.jpg?fit=1200%2C433&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/img_1847.jpg?fit=1200%2C433&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/img_1847.jpg?fit=1200%2C433&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":9731,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2015\/04\/26\/il-y-a-cent-ans-le-genocide-des-armeniens-24-avril-1915\/","url_meta":{"origin":15110,"position":2},"title":"Il y a cent ans : le g\u00e9nocide des Arm\u00e9niens (24 avril 1915)","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"26 avril 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Trois r\u00e9gimes, entre la fin du XIXe si\u00e8cle et le d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1920, ont \u0153uvr\u00e9 \u00e0 la destruction du peuple arm\u00e9nien : le sultanat ottoman, le gouvernement des Jeunes-Turcs et le pouvoir k\u00e9maliste. Mais c\u2019est au c\u0153ur de la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale, en 1915, que d\u00e9bute v\u00e9ritablement le premier\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Histoire savante&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Histoire savante","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/didactique\/histoire-savante\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/Morgenthau336.jpg?fit=599%2C409&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/Morgenthau336.jpg?fit=599%2C409&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/Morgenthau336.jpg?fit=599%2C409&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":10637,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2015\/11\/12\/reconnaissance-du-genocide-armenien-une-histoire-en-marche-slate\/","url_meta":{"origin":15110,"position":3},"title":"Reconnaissance du g\u00e9nocide arm\u00e9nien, une histoire en marche | Slate","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"12 novembre 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Femme arm\u00e9nienne | American Committee for Relief in the Near East via Wikipedia Commons License Dans son essai, Michel Marian, philosophe d\u2019origine arm\u00e9nienne et partisan du dialague arm\u00e9no-turc, retrace le parcours des Arm\u00e9niens dans la nommination du g\u00e9nocide. Il y m\u00e9lange regard personnel et exp\u00e9rience de tout un peuple. Slate\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Histoire savante&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Histoire savante","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/didactique\/histoire-savante\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/armenian_woman_kneeling_beside_dead_child_in_field1.png?fit=1090%2C500&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/armenian_woman_kneeling_beside_dead_child_in_field1.png?fit=1090%2C500&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/armenian_woman_kneeling_beside_dead_child_in_field1.png?fit=1090%2C500&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/armenian_woman_kneeling_beside_dead_child_in_field1.png?fit=1090%2C500&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/armenian_woman_kneeling_beside_dead_child_in_field1.png?fit=1090%2C500&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":13748,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2018\/01\/23\/enseignement-et-apprentissage-de-la-shoah-monique-eckmann-oui-mais-transmettre-la-shoah-defis-et-potentialites-percus-depuis-un-pays-bystander-22-janvier-2018-hep-vaud-lausanne\/","url_meta":{"origin":15110,"position":4},"title":"Enseignement et apprentissage de la Shoah : Monique Eckmann : \u00abOui mais\u2026\u00bb, transmettre la Shoah, d\u00e9fis et potentialit\u00e9s per\u00e7us depuis un pays Bystander |\u00a022 janvier 2018, HEP Vaud, Lausanne","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"23 janvier 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00ab La Shoah cr\u00e9e un fardeau qui conf\u00e8re des devoirs et des responsabilit\u00e9s partag\u00e9es\u00a0\u00bb (M. Eckemann, 22 janvier 2018) Sociologue, membre depuis 2004 de la d\u00e9l\u00e9gation suisse \u00e0 la Task Force for International Cooperation on Holocaust Education et du Remembrance and Research (ITF) Education Working Group, Monique Eckmann est notamment\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Didactique&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Didactique","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/didactique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/img_2487.c9eaeac93c6b49d2af2d9a5df0a7e43c.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/img_2487.c9eaeac93c6b49d2af2d9a5df0a7e43c.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/img_2487.c9eaeac93c6b49d2af2d9a5df0a7e43c.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/img_2487.c9eaeac93c6b49d2af2d9a5df0a7e43c.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/img_2487.c9eaeac93c6b49d2af2d9a5df0a7e43c.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":239,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2007\/09\/26\/penser-la-destruction-des-juifs-deurope-le-courrier-25092007\/","url_meta":{"origin":15110,"position":5},"title":"Penser la destruction des juifs d&#039;Europe (Le Courrier 25.09.2007)","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"26 septembre 2007","format":false,"excerpt":"DR | L'historien am\u00e9ricain Raul Hilberg Dans son \u00e9dition du mardi 25 septembre 2007, le journal Le Courrier revient sur la disparition r\u00e9cente de Raoul Hilberg (d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 le 4 ao\u00fbt 2007) et propose une page enti\u00e8re au travail r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par cet historien relativement \u00e0 son ouvrage majeur et capital sur\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Histoire savante&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Histoire savante","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/didactique\/histoire-savante\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15110","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15110"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15110\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15111"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15110"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15110"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15110"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}