{"id":15498,"date":"2018-12-09T22:02:13","date_gmt":"2018-12-09T21:02:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/?p=15498"},"modified":"2018-12-09T22:02:13","modified_gmt":"2018-12-09T21:02:13","slug":"cathy-oneil-les-algorithmes-exacerbent-les-inegalites","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2018\/12\/09\/cathy-oneil-les-algorithmes-exacerbent-les-inegalites\/","title":{"rendered":"Cathy O&rsquo;Neil : \u00ab Les algorithmes exacerbent les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s \u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Dans son livre \u00ab\u00a0Algorithmes, la bombe \u00e0 retardement\u00a0\u00bb, Cathy O\u2019Neil, ex-analyste \u00e0 Wall Street, \u00e9tudie les d\u00e9rives de ces algorithmes qui influencent tous les domaines de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/webservice_livre.tmic-ellipses.com\/couverture\/9782352049807.jpg?resize=400%2C599\" width=\"400\" height=\"599\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Education, justice, emploi, politique\u2026 Les algorithmes s&rsquo;invitent dans tous les pans de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, avec des cons\u00e9quences parfois dramatiques. C&rsquo;est, en tout cas, le constat de Cathy O&rsquo;Neil, ancienne analyste \u00e0 Wall Street, frapp\u00e9e par le r\u00f4le jou\u00e9 par ces <em>\u00ab armes de destruction math\u00e9matique \u00bb<\/em>, comme elle les surnomme, dans la crise financi\u00e8re de 2008. Depuis, cette math\u00e9maticienne am\u00e9ricaine d\u00e9nonce les effets pervers de ces programmes informatiques, notamment dans son livre <em>Algorithmes, la bombe \u00e0 retardement<\/em>, sorti en 2016 aux Etats-Unis et dont la traduction fran\u00e7aise vient d&rsquo;\u00eatre publi\u00e9e aux Ar\u00e8nes, mercredi 7 novembre (352 pages, 20,90 \u20ac). Entretien.<\/p>\n<p>\u2014A lire sur : <a href=\"https:\/\/app.wallabag.it\/share\/5c0d79b0360cd3.40660236\">Cathy O\u2019Neil\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Les algorithmes exacerbent les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Cr\u00e9dit photo :\u00a0La math\u00e9maticienne am\u00e9ricaine Cathy O\u2019Neil en 2017. Sara Arnald \/ CC0 1.0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dans son livre \u00ab\u00a0Algorithmes, la bombe \u00e0 retardement\u00a0\u00bb, Cathy O\u2019Neil, ex-analyste \u00e0 Wall Street, \u00e9tudie les d\u00e9rives de ces algorithmes qui influencent tous les domaines de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Education, justice, emploi, politique\u2026 Les algorithmes s&rsquo;invitent dans tous les pans de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, avec des cons\u00e9quences parfois dramatiques. C&rsquo;est, en tout cas, le constat de Cathy [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15500,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_import_markdown_pro_load_document_selector":0,"_import_markdown_pro_submit_text_textarea":"","_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[8,11,13,16],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-15498","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-medias-et-technologies","8":"category-nouvelles-de-lhistoire","9":"category-opinionsreflexions","10":"category-publications","11":"entry"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/282c2d5_LbwQojWeZYcidLBeFezFINkb.jpg?resize=600%2C400&ssl=1","featured_image_src_square":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/282c2d5_LbwQojWeZYcidLBeFezFINkb.jpg?resize=600%2C459&ssl=1","author_info":{"display_name":"Lyonel Kaufmann","author_link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/author\/lyonelk\/"},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/282c2d5_LbwQojWeZYcidLBeFezFINkb.jpg?fit=688%2C459&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1rJVM-41Y","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":14891,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2018\/09\/06\/stephanie-demers-les-pratiques-educatives-sont-des-pratiques-humaines-et-sociales-qui-ne-repondent-pas-aux-algorithmes\/","url_meta":{"origin":15498,"position":0},"title":"St\u00e9phanie Demers : Les pratiques \u00e9ducatives sont des pratiques humaines et sociales qui ne r\u00e9pondent pas aux algorithmes","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"6 septembre 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Que nous apprennent les batteries d'\u00e9valuations nationales sur l'efficacit\u00e9 d'un syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif ? Pas grand chose et surtout rien d'essentiel, r\u00e9pond St\u00e9phanie Demers, professeure \u00e0 l'Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec en Outaouais. Dans cet entretien donn\u00e9 au Caf\u00e9 p\u00e9dagogique elle montre non seulement les retomb\u00e9es n\u00e9gatives de ces syst\u00e8me d'\u00e9valuation mais aussi\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Opinions&amp;R\u00e9flexions&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Opinions&amp;R\u00e9flexions","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/didactique\/opinionsreflexions\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/34DB6530-2D29-4781-89E8-9D236571697F.jpeg?fit=300%2C304&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":16185,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2019\/07\/15\/connaissez-vous-les-algorithmes-du-web-le-carnet-du-master-sciences-societe\/","url_meta":{"origin":15498,"position":1},"title":"Connaissez-vous les algorithmes du web ? \u2013 Le carnet du master \u00ab Sciences-soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00bb","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"15 juillet 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"La th\u00e8se de Dominique Cardon y est que les algorithmes, loin d\u2019\u00eatre de simples proc\u00e9d\u00e9s purement objectifs, projettent sur nos soci\u00e9t\u00e9s les syst\u00e8me de valeurs mis en avant par leurs concepteurs. Ainsi les algorithmes utilis\u00e9s par les grandes plateformes d\u2019Internet ont tendance \u00e0 concentrer l\u2019attention autour de quelques individus consid\u00e9r\u00e9s\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Humanit\u00e9s Digitales&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Humanit\u00e9s Digitales","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/humanites-digitales\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/img_0174.jpg?fit=500%2C500&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":15530,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2018\/12\/15\/quand-les-algorithmes-tournent-mal-nous-avons-besoin-de-plus-de-pouvoir-pour-nous-defendre-disent-les-chercheurs-de-lia\/","url_meta":{"origin":15498,"position":2},"title":"Quand les algorithmes tournent mal, nous avons besoin de plus de pouvoir pour nous d\u00e9fendre, disent les chercheurs de l&rsquo;IA","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"15 d\u00e9cembre 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Le public ne dispose pas des outils n\u00e9cessaires pour tenir les algorithmes responsables. Les gouvernements et les entreprises priv\u00e9es d\u00e9ploient des syst\u00e8mes d'IA \u00e0 un rythme rapide, mais le public n'a pas les outils n\u00e9cessaires pour tenir ces syst\u00e8mes responsables lorsqu'ils \u00e9chouent. C'est l'une des principales conclusions d'un nouveau rapport\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Humanit\u00e9s Digitales&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Humanit\u00e9s Digitales","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/humanites-digitales\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/8DB544A9-09F6-414D-B363-DEB53735FD51.cba8ae40939f4e8593ec738b8cdaec95.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/8DB544A9-09F6-414D-B363-DEB53735FD51.cba8ae40939f4e8593ec738b8cdaec95.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/8DB544A9-09F6-414D-B363-DEB53735FD51.cba8ae40939f4e8593ec738b8cdaec95.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/8DB544A9-09F6-414D-B363-DEB53735FD51.cba8ae40939f4e8593ec738b8cdaec95.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/8DB544A9-09F6-414D-B363-DEB53735FD51.cba8ae40939f4e8593ec738b8cdaec95.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":15516,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2018\/12\/12\/education-numerique-moins-une-question-dalgorithme-quune-question-dethique-deducation-aux-medias-et-de-societe\/","url_meta":{"origin":15498,"position":3},"title":"\u00c9ducation num\u00e9rique : moins une question d\u2019algorithme qu\u2019une question d&rsquo;\u00e9thique, d\u2019education aux m\u00e9dias et de soci\u00e9t\u00e9","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"12 d\u00e9cembre 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"L'histoire est de celles qui font monter les larmes. C'est celle d'une femme qui \u00e0 perdu son enfant \u00e0 la naissance. Un enfant mort-n\u00e9. Une femme qui \u00e9crit aux patrons des GAFA, aux patrons des \"Tech Companies\", pour leur demander d'arr\u00eater de lui proposer des liens publicitaires sur une maternit\u00e9\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Humanit\u00e9s Digitales&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Humanit\u00e9s Digitales","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/humanites-digitales\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/8D5A6976-75BC-4751-876C-D0E75BC64A63.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/8D5A6976-75BC-4751-876C-D0E75BC64A63.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/8D5A6976-75BC-4751-876C-D0E75BC64A63.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/8D5A6976-75BC-4751-876C-D0E75BC64A63.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/8D5A6976-75BC-4751-876C-D0E75BC64A63.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":18684,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2022\/01\/20\/le-projet-jadis-pour-ajouter-des-donnees-sur-des-cartes-historiques-geolocalisees-lexemple-des-plans-de-paris-1760-1949\/","url_meta":{"origin":15498,"position":4},"title":"Le projet JADIS pour ajouter des donn\u00e9es sur des cartes historiques g\u00e9olocalis\u00e9es. L&rsquo;exemple des plans de Paris (1760-1949)","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"20 janvier 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"L'application en ligne JADIS permet de replacer des cartes historiques automatiquement g\u00e9olocalis\u00e9es sur une carte actuelle avec d'autres couches comme par exemple des \u00eelots vectoris\u00e9s ou la trame viaire. L'exemple propos\u00e9 concerne la ville de Paris (plans urbains de 1760 \u00e0 1949). Interface de consultation de l'application en ligne JADIS\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Humanit\u00e9s Digitales&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Humanit\u00e9s Digitales","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/humanites-digitales\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":17060,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2020\/02\/21\/lhypertrucage-une-grave-menace-pour-notre-securite-et-la-democratie\/","url_meta":{"origin":15498,"position":5},"title":"L&rsquo;hypertrucage: une grave menace pour notre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et la d\u00e9mocratie","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"21 f\u00e9vrier 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Gr\u00e2ce aux techniques d'hypertrucage, Loto-Qu\u00e9bec a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 transformer un com\u00e9dien en Bernard Derome des ann\u00e9es 70 pour une publicit\u00e9. Loto-Qu\u00e9bec Nadia Naffi, Universit\u00e9 Laval L'utilisation de l'hypertrucage peut parfois nous enchanter ou nous \u00e9tourdir par le biais de ses repr\u00e9sentations expertes dans les industries du divertissement et des jeux\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Didactique&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Didactique","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/didactique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DraggedImage.f697cb15e9f54d59be6bcfbb4cca0ba3-e1678963947898.png?fit=720%2C405&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DraggedImage.f697cb15e9f54d59be6bcfbb4cca0ba3-e1678963947898.png?fit=720%2C405&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DraggedImage.f697cb15e9f54d59be6bcfbb4cca0ba3-e1678963947898.png?fit=720%2C405&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/DraggedImage.f697cb15e9f54d59be6bcfbb4cca0ba3-e1678963947898.png?fit=720%2C405&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15498","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15498"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15498\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15500"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15498"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15498"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15498"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}