{"id":17575,"date":"2020-08-10T17:51:01","date_gmt":"2020-08-10T16:51:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/?p=17575"},"modified":"2020-08-10T18:45:08","modified_gmt":"2020-08-10T17:45:08","slug":"frances-allen-pionniere-de-linformatique-est-morte","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2020\/08\/10\/frances-allen-pionniere-de-linformatique-est-morte\/","title":{"rendered":"Frances Allen, pionni\u00e8re de l\u2019informatique, est morte"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Ag\u00e9e de 88\u00a0ans, elle a pass\u00e9 toute sa carri\u00e8re \u00e0 IBM, o\u00f9 elle a donn\u00e9 ses lettres de noblesse \u00e0 la compilation, un des piliers de l\u2019informatique moderne.<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 414px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" title=\"bed7332_585743254-Allen_mg_2528-c.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/bed7332_585743254-Allen_mg_2528-c-1.jpg?resize=414%2C414&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Bed7332 585743254 Allen mg 2528 c\" width=\"414\" height=\"414\" border=\"0\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Frances Allen, pionni\u00e8re de l&rsquo;informatique, est morte \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de 88 ans. Rama \u2014 CC BY-SA 2.0 fr<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Seriez-vous en train de lire ces lignes sans Frances Allen\u00a0? Il est permis d\u2019en douter\u00a0: cette informaticienne am\u00e9ricaine a apport\u00e9, d\u00e8s les ann\u00e9es 1960, une contribution d\u00e9cisive \u00e0 l\u2019informatique en donnant ses lettres de noblesse \u00e0 la compilation, qui permet de transformer un code informatique \u00e9crit par des humains en instructions compr\u00e9hensibles par un ordinateur.<\/p>\n<p>Cette pionni\u00e8re de l\u2019informatique est morte mardi 4\u00a0ao\u00fbt, le jour de son quatre-vingt-huiti\u00e8me anniversaire. Elle avait re\u00e7u en\u00a02006, pour l\u2019ensemble de sa carri\u00e8re, le prix Turing. Elle fut la premi\u00e8re femme \u00e0 recevoir cette r\u00e9compense, consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme l\u2019\u00e9quivalent d\u2019un prix Nobel pour l\u2019informatique.<\/p>\n<p class=\"article__paragraph \">Avec sa mort dispara\u00eet aussi un des derniers t\u00e9moins d\u2019une \u00e9poque \u00e0 ce jour r\u00e9volue dans l\u2019histoire de l\u2019informatique\u00a0: celle o\u00f9 les femmes y \u00e9taient plus nombreuses que les hommes. Elle entre dans cette discipline dans les ann\u00e9es 1950\u00a0: <em>\u00ab\u00a0une p\u00e9riode formidable pour les femmes\u00a0\u00bb,<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/ethw.org\/Oral-History:Frances_%22Fran%22_Allen\">se rem\u00e9morait-elle en\u00a02001 dans une interview<\/a>, citant le <em>\u00ab\u00a0nombre ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nal\u00a0\u00bb<\/em> de femmes dans ce domaine. Les choses se g\u00e2tent dans les ann\u00e9es 1960 et 1970, lorsque l\u2019informatique devient un domaine scientifique et industriel \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re, un processus qui conduira \u00e0 l\u2019apparition d\u2019un <em>\u00ab\u00a0plafond de verre\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>, auquel elle estime avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 elle-m\u00eame confront\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p class=\"article__paragraph \">Il n\u2019est ainsi gu\u00e8re surprenant que Frances Allen se soit engag\u00e9e, durant les deux derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies de sa vie, \u00e0 la promotion de la place des femmes dans l\u2019informatique. <em>\u00ab\u00a0Une des nombreuses choses que Frances a r\u00e9alis\u00e9es, c\u2019est attirer des femmes dans sa discipline\u00a0\u00bb<\/em> a salu\u00e9 Jeanne Ferrante, une de ses anciennes\u00a0coll\u00e8gues, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/08\/08\/technology\/frances-allen-dead.html\">dans le <em>New York Times<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Source : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/disparitions\/article\/2020\/08\/10\/frances-allen-pionniere-de-l-informatique-est-morte_6048608_3382.html\">Frances Allen, pionni\u00e8re de l\u2019informatique, est morte<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ag\u00e9e de 88\u00a0ans, elle a pass\u00e9 toute sa carri\u00e8re \u00e0 IBM, o\u00f9 elle a donn\u00e9 ses lettres de noblesse \u00e0 la compilation, un des piliers de l\u2019informatique moderne. Seriez-vous en train de lire ces lignes sans Frances Allen\u00a0? Il est permis d\u2019en douter\u00a0: cette informaticienne am\u00e9ricaine a apport\u00e9, d\u00e8s les ann\u00e9es 1960, une contribution d\u00e9cisive [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17573,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_import_markdown_pro_load_document_selector":0,"_import_markdown_pro_submit_text_textarea":"","_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-17575","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-sur-le-web","8":"entry"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/bed7332_585743254-Allen_mg_2528-c.jpg?resize=600%2C400&ssl=1","featured_image_src_square":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/bed7332_585743254-Allen_mg_2528-c.jpg?resize=600%2C600&ssl=1","author_info":{"display_name":"Lyonel Kaufmann","author_link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/author\/lyonelk\/"},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/bed7332_585743254-Allen_mg_2528-c.jpg?fit=688%2C688&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1rJVM-4zt","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":15781,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2019\/02\/20\/lhistoire-secrete-des-femmes-dans-le-codage-informatique-the-new-york-times\/","url_meta":{"origin":17575,"position":0},"title":"L\u2019histoire secr\u00e8te des femmes dans le codage informatique &#8211; The New York Times","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"20 f\u00e9vrier 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Qui sait que d\u00e8s ann\u00e9es 1940 aux ann\u00e9es 1980, la place des femmes dans la programmation des ordinateurs \u00e9tait bien meilleure qu\u2019aujourd\u2019hui ? Qu\u2019est ce qui s\u2019est mal pass\u00e9 ? Le New York Times Magazine revient sur l\u2019histoire de ces femmes pionni\u00e8res de l\u2019informatique aux Etats-Unis et au Canada. Extraits.\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Histoire savante&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Histoire savante","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/didactique\/histoire-savante\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/17mag-coders-pics-slide-BTTD-superJumbo-v3.70512e8e9b0e421ea146b704359cb8cc.png?fit=1200%2C731&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/17mag-coders-pics-slide-BTTD-superJumbo-v3.70512e8e9b0e421ea146b704359cb8cc.png?fit=1200%2C731&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/17mag-coders-pics-slide-BTTD-superJumbo-v3.70512e8e9b0e421ea146b704359cb8cc.png?fit=1200%2C731&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/17mag-coders-pics-slide-BTTD-superJumbo-v3.70512e8e9b0e421ea146b704359cb8cc.png?fit=1200%2C731&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/17mag-coders-pics-slide-BTTD-superJumbo-v3.70512e8e9b0e421ea146b704359cb8cc.png?fit=1200%2C731&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":11773,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2016\/08\/08\/a-lire-milad-doueihi-lhumaniste-daujourdhui-est-un-geek-eclaire-la-republique-des-livrs\/","url_meta":{"origin":17575,"position":1},"title":"\u00c0 lire : Milad Doueihi : l\u2019humaniste d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui est un geek \u00e9clair\u00e9 | La R\u00e9publique des Livres","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"8 ao\u00fbt 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00c0 lire, puis \u00e0 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir surtout du c\u00f4t\u00e9 des historiens et des philosophes... Mais s\u2019il vous fallait d\u00e9finir l\u2019humaniste aujourd\u2019hui, il ressemblerait \u00e0 qui ? Au geek \u00e9clair\u00e9. Quelqu\u2019un comme l\u2019am\u00e9ricain Donald Knuth, un grand informaticien qui enseigne \u00e0 l\u2019universit\u00e9 de Stanford et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 distingu\u00e9 par le prix\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;M\u00e9dias et technologies&quot;","block_context":{"text":"M\u00e9dias et technologies","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/medias-et-technologies\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Image-08.08.16-21-15.jpeg?fit=768%2C537&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Image-08.08.16-21-15.jpeg?fit=768%2C537&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Image-08.08.16-21-15.jpeg?fit=768%2C537&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Image-08.08.16-21-15.jpeg?fit=768%2C537&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":14386,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2018\/06\/04\/colin-de-la-higuera-historique-et-reflexions-sur-lenseignement-du-code-et-de-la-pensee-informatique\/","url_meta":{"origin":17575,"position":2},"title":"Colin de la Higuera : Historique et r\u00e9flexions sur l&rsquo;enseignement du code et de la pens\u00e9e informatique","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"4 juin 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Dans le cadre de sa mission d'accompagnement des \u00e9tablissements et des \u00e9quipes p\u00e9dagogiques pour l'enseignement de l'ICN (Informatique et cr\u00e9ation num\u00e9rique), la DAN (D\u00e9l\u00e9gation acad\u00e9mique au num\u00e9rique) du rectorat de Nantes a organis\u00e9 le jeudi 5 avril 2018 au nouveau lyc\u00e9e de Carquefou une Journ\u00e9e acad\u00e9mique d\u00e9di\u00e9e \u00e0 l'ICN niveau\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;M\u00e9dias et technologies&quot;","block_context":{"text":"M\u00e9dias et technologies","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/medias-et-technologies\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Capture-de%CC%81cran-2018-06-04-23.30.31.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Capture-de%CC%81cran-2018-06-04-23.30.31.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Capture-de%CC%81cran-2018-06-04-23.30.31.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Capture-de%CC%81cran-2018-06-04-23.30.31.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Capture-de%CC%81cran-2018-06-04-23.30.31.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":581,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2008\/12\/19\/histoire-et-informatique-geschichte-und-informatik\/","url_meta":{"origin":17575,"position":3},"title":"\u00abHistoire et Informatique \/ Geschichte und Informatik\u00bb","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"19 d\u00e9cembre 2008","format":false,"excerpt":"Comme la \u00abRevue suisse d\u2019histoire \/ Schweizerische Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Geschichte\u00bb \u00e9dit\u00e9e par la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 suisse d\u2019histoire, la revue \u00abHistoire et Informatique \/ Geschichte und Informatik\u00bb \u00e9dit\u00e9e par l\u2019Association Histoire et Informatique est d\u00e9sormais pr\u00e9sentes sous la rubrique \u00abG\u00e9ographie et histoire\u00bb de la plateforme SEALS du Consortium des biblioth\u00e8ques universitaires suisses.\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Annuaire de sites&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Annuaire de sites","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/medias-et-technologies\/annuaire-de-sites\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":14510,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2018\/06\/21\/14510\/","url_meta":{"origin":17575,"position":4},"title":"Le num\u00e9rique, comme paysage et culture, n\u2019appartient en propre \u00e0 personne, et surtout pas aux informaticiens | Culture num\u00e9rique","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"21 juin 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Michel Guillou nous propose un tr\u00e8s int\u00e9ressant et important sur la question du num\u00e9rique ou devrai-je dire de la culture num\u00e9rique ainsi que de l\u2019importance de ne pas laisser cette question de la seule comp\u00e9tence des informaticiens concernant l\u2019\u00e9ducation num\u00e9rique. Je publie inextenso sa conclusion en vous laissant lire le\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Opinions&amp;R\u00e9flexions&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Opinions&amp;R\u00e9flexions","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/didactique\/opinionsreflexions\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/blue-2137604_1280.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/blue-2137604_1280.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/blue-2137604_1280.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/blue-2137604_1280.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/blue-2137604_1280.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":14624,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2018\/07\/18\/sac-de-plage-marina-bers-la-pensee-informatique-dans-la-petite-enfance-video\/","url_meta":{"origin":17575,"position":5},"title":"Sac de plage : Marina Bers \u2013 la pens\u00e9e informatique dans la petite enfance |\u00a0Vid\u00e9o","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"18 juillet 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00abLa programmation en tant que place de jeu d\u00e9veloppementale: la pens\u00e9e informatique et la robotique dans la petite enfance\u00bb, conf\u00e9rence de Marina Umaschi Bers \u2014 Professeure \u00e0 la Tufts University, \u00c9tats-Unis \u2014 donn\u00e9e dans le cadre du colloque Didapro 7 \u2013 DidaSTIC Jeudi 8 f\u00e9vrier 2018, HEP Vaud, Lausanne. Marina\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Opinions&amp;R\u00e9flexions&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Opinions&amp;R\u00e9flexions","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/didactique\/opinionsreflexions\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/cropped-marina-and-devtech-cropped-1.jpg?fit=426%2C287&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17575","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17575"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17575\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17573"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17575"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17575"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17575"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}