{"id":17702,"date":"2020-10-06T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-10-06T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/?p=17702"},"modified":"2020-10-03T20:15:00","modified_gmt":"2020-10-03T19:15:00","slug":"quand-ladn-se-lit-comme-un-livre-dhistoire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2020\/10\/06\/quand-ladn-se-lit-comme-un-livre-dhistoire\/","title":{"rendered":"Quand l\u2019ADN se lit comme un livre d\u2019histoire |\u00a0Conversation scientifique"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Comment les chercheurs proc\u00e8dent-ils pour faire parler le sang qui coule dans nos veines ? Une \u00e9mission passionnante o\u00f9 la science et l\u2019informatique nous permettent de mieux comprendre d\u2019o\u00f9 on vient et qui nous sommes. Et qui nous donne envie d\u2019en savoir plus en lisant l\u2019<em>Odyss\u00e9e des g\u00eanes<\/em>. Menez et suivez l\u2019enqu\u00eate.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" id=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/cdn.radiofrance.fr\/s3\/cruiser-production\/2020\/09\/2dd0dce8-1a73-46fd-8f8f-784f21e5c728\/838_1280px-santacruz-cuevamanos-p2210651b.jpg?ssl=1\" alt=\"Cueva de las manos, Perito Moreno, Argentine (13000 - 9000 avant J.-C.)\" \/>Cueva de las manos, Perito Moreno, Argentine (13000 &#8211; 9000 avant J.-C.)\u2022 Cr\u00e9dits : <em>Mariano<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Cela se passe en ce moment et ce n\u2019est pas pr\u00e8s de s\u2019arr\u00eater. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la puissance de l\u2019informatique et \u00e0 des techniques d\u2019amplification de l\u2019information g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, nous savons aujourd\u2019hui \u00ab faire parler \u00bb l\u2019ADN des femmes et des hommes d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui, et aussi celui de nos tr\u00e8s lointains anc\u00eatres, et m\u00eame celui d\u2019esp\u00e8ces disparues : <em>N\u00e9andertal<\/em> bien s\u00fbr, ou bien encore <em>Denisova<\/em>, cette esp\u00e8ce \u00e9teinte du genre <em>Homo<\/em> qui fut identifi\u00e9e en mars 2010, par analyse g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, \u00e0 partir d\u2019une phalange fossile retrouv\u00e9e en Sib\u00e9rie, dans la grotte de Denisova.<\/p>\n<p>Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019analyse des g\u00e8nes, il devient ainsi possible de raconter une part de l\u2019aventure humaine, de reconstituer des \u00e9pisodes cruciaux de cette longue histoire pour lesquels nous ne disposons d\u2019aucune archive. Mais comment les chercheurs proc\u00e8dent-ils au juste ? Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 quelles m\u00e9thodes parviennent-ils \u00e0 faire parler le sang qui coule dans nos veines ? Et comment sont-ils parvenus \u00e0 \u00e9tablir que les sept milliards et demi d\u2019humains que nous sommes aujourd\u2019hui descendent tous de quelques populations pr\u00e9historiques vivant en Afrique ?<\/p>\n<p>Pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 ces questions et \u00e0 des milliers d\u2019autres, j\u2019ai invit\u00e9 la femme de la situation.<\/p>\n<p>Invit\u00e9e : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecoanthropologie.fr\/fr\/annuaire\/heyer-evelyne-6065\"><strong>Evelyne Heyer<\/strong><\/a>, professeure en anthropologie g\u00e9n\u00e9tique au Mus\u00e9um d\u2019histoire naturelle, auteure de <a href=\"https:\/\/editions.flammarion.com\/Catalogue\/hors-collection\/sciences\/lodyssee-des-genes\">L\u2019odyss\u00e9e des g\u00e8nes<\/a> (Flammarion, 2020).<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9mission :<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.franceculture.fr\/player\/export-reecouter?content=aed28c66-ac98-465e-bb19-144029ae6cb9\" width=\"481\" height=\"137\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Source : <a title=\"Quand l\u2019ADN se lit comme un livre d\u2019histoire\" href=\"https:\/\/www.franceculture.fr\/emissions\/la-conversation-scientifique\/quand-ladn-se-lit-comme-un-livre-dhistoire\">www.franceculture.fr<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Comment les chercheurs proc\u00e8dent-ils pour faire parler le sang qui coule dans nos veines ? Une \u00e9mission passionnante o\u00f9 la science et l\u2019informatique nous permettent de mieux comprendre d\u2019o\u00f9 on vient et qui nous sommes. Et qui nous donne envie d\u2019en savoir plus en lisant l\u2019Odyss\u00e9e des g\u00eanes. Menez et suivez l\u2019enqu\u00eate. Cueva de las [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17703,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_import_markdown_pro_load_document_selector":0,"_import_markdown_pro_submit_text_textarea":"","_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[5,11,15],"tags":[875,515],"class_list":{"0":"post-17702","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-histoire-savante","8":"category-nouvelles-de-lhistoire","9":"category-outils-enseignement","10":"tag-bipedie","11":"tag-neolithique","12":"entry"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/838_1280px-santacruz-cuevamanos-p2210651b.jpg?resize=600%2C400&ssl=1","featured_image_src_square":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/838_1280px-santacruz-cuevamanos-p2210651b.jpg?resize=600%2C600&ssl=1","author_info":{"display_name":"Lyonel Kaufmann","author_link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/author\/lyonelk\/"},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/838_1280px-santacruz-cuevamanos-p2210651b.jpg?fit=838%2C628&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1rJVM-4Bw","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":17006,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2020\/02\/04\/neandertal-est-en-chacun-de-nous\/","url_meta":{"origin":17702,"position":0},"title":"Neandertal est en chacun de nous","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"4 f\u00e9vrier 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Les m\u00e9tissages entre l\u2019homme de Neandertal et \u00ab\u00a0Homo sapiens\u00a0\u00bb ont laiss\u00e9 des traces dans le g\u00e9nome de l\u2019ensemble de la population humaine actuelle, et pas seulement chez les non\u00a0Africains, comme on le supposait. En\u00a02010, l\u2019\u00e9bauche de la s\u00e9quence du g\u00e9nome de l\u2019homme de Neandertal avait cr\u00e9\u00e9 la surprise\u00a0: l\u2019analyse de\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Histoire savante&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Histoire savante","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/didactique\/histoire-savante\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_3971.jpg?fit=688%2C452&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_3971.jpg?fit=688%2C452&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_3971.jpg?fit=688%2C452&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":6382,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2012\/11\/06\/on-a-tous-en-nous-quelque-chose-de-neandertal-slate\/","url_meta":{"origin":17702,"position":1},"title":"On a tous en nous quelque chose de N\u00e9andertal &#124; Slate","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"6 novembre 2012","format":false,"excerpt":"Un homme et une femme de N\u00e9andertal, mus\u00e9e de N\u00e9andertal de D\u00fcsseldorf, via Wikimedia Commons.\u00a0Wikimedia Commons Dans Slate, Ann Gibbons fait le point sur les diff\u00e9rentes th\u00e9ories sur l'homme moderne et nos relations avec les hommes de N\u00e9andertal ainsi que les Denisoviens. Elle explique comment la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique prouve que nos\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;BP110 - Faire de l'histoire aujourd'hui&quot;","block_context":{"text":"BP110 - Faire de l'histoire aujourd'hui","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/cours-et-seminaires\/bp110-faire-de-lhistoire-aujourdhui\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/neandertal_adam_ve_kadin_modeli_almanya_copy.jpg?fit=540%2C297&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/neandertal_adam_ve_kadin_modeli_almanya_copy.jpg?fit=540%2C297&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/neandertal_adam_ve_kadin_modeli_almanya_copy.jpg?fit=540%2C297&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2809,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2010\/05\/10\/madame-sapiens-a-fait-crac-crac-avec-monsieur-neandertal\/","url_meta":{"origin":17702,"position":2},"title":"Madame Sapiens a fait crac-crac avec monsieur N\u00e9andertal","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"10 mai 2010","format":false,"excerpt":"Traiter certains individus d'homme de N\u00e9andertal n'est peut-\u00eatre pas qu'une injure, mais un fait d\u00e9sormais \u00e9tabli gr\u00e2ce aux travaux sur l'ADN d'une \u00e9quipe internationale de chercheurs, dirig\u00e9e par Svante P\u00e4\u00e4bo, un biologiste su\u00e9dois. Eloign\u00e9e de la version romanesque, pourtant appuy\u00e9e par des conseillers scientifiques, de la s\u00e9rie l'Odyss\u00e9e de l'Esp\u00e8ce\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;BP110 - Faire de l'histoire aujourd'hui&quot;","block_context":{"text":"BP110 - Faire de l'histoire aujourd'hui","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/cours-et-seminaires\/bp110-faire-de-lhistoire-aujourdhui\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Os de neandertaliens","src":"http:\/\/sciences.blogs.liberation.fr\/.a\/6a00e5500b4a648833013480848e03970c-300wi","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":11217,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2016\/03\/15\/neandertal-vivait-en-espagne-il-y-a-430000-ans-mediapart\/","url_meta":{"origin":17702,"position":3},"title":"N\u00e9andertal vivait en Espagne il y a 430&rsquo;000 ans | Mediapart","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"15 mars 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Une \u00e9quipe de Leipzig a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 d\u00e9crypter le plus ancien ADN humain jamais s\u00e9quenc\u00e9. Il prouve que des N\u00e9andertaliens vivaient il y a 430\u00a0000 ans dans la Sima de los Huesos, la \u00ab\u00a0Grotte des os\u00a0\u00bb, en Espagne. Les N\u00e9andertaliens, premiers occupants de l\u2019Europe, \u00e9taient d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9sents en Espagne il\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Histoire savante&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Histoire savante","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/didactique\/histoire-savante\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/1-dnalab-2-credit-javier-trueba-madrid-scientific-films.jpg?fit=661%2C496&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/1-dnalab-2-credit-javier-trueba-madrid-scientific-films.jpg?fit=661%2C496&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/1-dnalab-2-credit-javier-trueba-madrid-scientific-films.jpg?fit=661%2C496&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":11156,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2016\/03\/05\/comment-lhomme-de-neandertal-faisait-vraiment-du-feu-slate-fr\/","url_meta":{"origin":17702,"position":4},"title":"Comment l&rsquo;Homme de N\u00e9andertal faisait (vraiment) du feu | Slate.fr","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"5 mars 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"On savait d\u00e9j\u00e0 qu\u2019il ne\u00a0se contentait pas de frotter deux silex, mais on ignorait jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent que l\u2019homme de N\u00e9andertal, cet hominid\u00e9 dont\u00a0nous avons tous un peu d\u2019ADN, avait une ma\u00eetrise pouss\u00e9e de la pratique du feu. [\u2026] Cette d\u00e9couverte am\u00e8ne \u00e0 reconsid\u00e9rer les capacit\u00e9s cognitives et les comp\u00e9tences techniques\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;BP110 - Faire de l'histoire aujourd'hui&quot;","block_context":{"text":"BP110 - Faire de l'histoire aujourd'hui","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/cours-et-seminaires\/bp110-faire-de-lhistoire-aujourdhui\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/neandertal_1.jpg?fit=1090%2C500&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/neandertal_1.jpg?fit=1090%2C500&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/neandertal_1.jpg?fit=1090%2C500&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/neandertal_1.jpg?fit=1090%2C500&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/neandertal_1.jpg?fit=1090%2C500&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":14510,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2018\/06\/21\/14510\/","url_meta":{"origin":17702,"position":5},"title":"Le num\u00e9rique, comme paysage et culture, n\u2019appartient en propre \u00e0 personne, et surtout pas aux informaticiens | Culture num\u00e9rique","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"21 juin 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Michel Guillou nous propose un tr\u00e8s int\u00e9ressant et important sur la question du num\u00e9rique ou devrai-je dire de la culture num\u00e9rique ainsi que de l\u2019importance de ne pas laisser cette question de la seule comp\u00e9tence des informaticiens concernant l\u2019\u00e9ducation num\u00e9rique. Je publie inextenso sa conclusion en vous laissant lire le\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Opinions&amp;R\u00e9flexions&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Opinions&amp;R\u00e9flexions","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/didactique\/opinionsreflexions\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/blue-2137604_1280.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/blue-2137604_1280.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/blue-2137604_1280.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/blue-2137604_1280.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/blue-2137604_1280.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17702","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17702"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17702\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17703"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17702"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17702"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17702"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}