{"id":18105,"date":"2021-01-22T20:21:12","date_gmt":"2021-01-22T19:21:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/?p=18105"},"modified":"2021-01-22T20:28:25","modified_gmt":"2021-01-22T19:28:25","slug":"le-parler-petit-negre-une-invention-coloniale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2021\/01\/22\/le-parler-petit-negre-une-invention-coloniale\/","title":{"rendered":"Le \u00ab\u00a0parler petit n\u00e8gre\u00a0\u00bb, une invention coloniale"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>S&rsquo;il est une expression intimement associ\u00e9e \u00e0 la colonisation, c&rsquo;est bien le <em>\u00ab parler petit n\u00e8gre \u00bb<\/em>. <em>\u00ab Tristement imagin\u00e9e en 1877, elle d\u00e9signe le \u00ab\u00a0charabia\u00a0\u00bb parl\u00e9 par les Africains dans les colonies francophones \u00bb<\/em>, explique <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/blog\/correcteurs\/2020\/11\/27\/comment-se-fabriquent-les-insultes-racistes\/\">la linguiste Marie Treps dans <em>Maudits mots<\/em><\/a> (TohuBohu \u00e9ditions, 2017). Au d\u00e9but du XXe si\u00e8cle, ce <em>\u00ab fran\u00e7ais tirailleur \u00bb<\/em> est si populaire qu&rsquo;il inspire le slogan d&rsquo;une boisson chocolat\u00e9e \u2013 <em>\u00ab Y&rsquo;a bon Banania \u00bb<\/em> \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/europe\/article\/2012\/02\/10\/la-justice-belge-refuse-d-interdire-tintin-au-congo_1641919_3214.html\">mais aussi les dialogues de Tintin au Congo<\/a> <em>\u00ab Li sorcier li dedans ?\u2026 Li tr\u00e8s m\u00e9chant ! Moi me demande quoi y en a se passer dans cette case. \u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Contrairement \u00e0 ce que l&rsquo;on croit souvent, le \u00ab petit n\u00e8gre \u00bb n&rsquo;est pas un <em>\u00ab fran\u00e7ais \u00e9l\u00e9mentaire usit\u00e9 par les N\u00e8gres des colonies \u00bb<\/em>, comme l&rsquo;affirmait en 1926 le Larousse du XXe si\u00e8cle, mais un idiome invent\u00e9 par l&rsquo;administration fran\u00e7aise. <em>\u00ab Comment voudrait-on qu&rsquo;un Noir, dont la langue est d&rsquo;une simplicit\u00e9 rudimentaire et d&rsquo;une logique presque toujours absolue, assimile rapidement un idiome aussi raffin\u00e9 et illogique que le n\u00f4tre ?<\/em>, \u00e9crit en 1904 l&rsquo;administrateur colonial Maurice Delafosse. <em>Si nous voulons nous faire comprendre vite et bien, il nous faut parler aux Noirs en nous mettant \u00e0 leur port\u00e9e, c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire leur parler petit-n\u00e8gre. \u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Source : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/societe\/article\/2021\/01\/22\/le-parler-petit-negre-une-invention-coloniale_6067162_3224.html\" title=\"Le \u00ab&nbsp;parler petit n\u00e8gre&nbsp;\u00bb, une invention coloniale\">www.lemonde.fr<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S&rsquo;il est une expression intimement associ\u00e9e \u00e0 la colonisation, c&rsquo;est bien le \u00ab parler petit n\u00e8gre \u00bb. \u00ab Tristement imagin\u00e9e en 1877, elle d\u00e9signe le \u00ab\u00a0charabia\u00a0\u00bb parl\u00e9 par les Africains dans les colonies francophones \u00bb, explique la linguiste Marie Treps dans Maudits mots (TohuBohu \u00e9ditions, 2017). Au d\u00e9but du XXe si\u00e8cle, ce \u00ab fran\u00e7ais tirailleur [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_import_markdown_pro_load_document_selector":0,"_import_markdown_pro_submit_text_textarea":"","_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[5,13],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-18105","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-histoire-savante","7":"category-opinionsreflexions","8":"entry"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"featured_image_src":null,"featured_image_src_square":null,"author_info":{"display_name":"Lyonel Kaufmann","author_link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/author\/lyonelk\/"},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1rJVM-4I1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":14327,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2018\/05\/24\/la-participation-de-suisses-a-la-traite-negriere\/","url_meta":{"origin":18105,"position":0},"title":"La participation de Suisses \u00e0 la traite n\u00e9gri\u00e8re","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"24 mai 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Olivier Pavillon, \u00abDes Suisses au c\u0153ur de la traite n\u00e9gri\u00e8re\u00bb, Lausanne, Antipodes, 2017, 159 pages Recension de l'ouvrage par Pierre Jeanneret pour Domaine public La participation de familles suisses au commerce des esclaves a longtemps \u00e9t\u00e9 un sujet n\u00e9glig\u00e9 par l\u2019historiographie nationale. Tabou, silence d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9 sur un \u00e9pisode aujourd\u2019hui consid\u00e9r\u00e9\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Histoire savante&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Histoire savante","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/didactique\/histoire-savante\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/image-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":15726,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2019\/02\/07\/genre-et-revolution-en-europe-aux-xixe-xxe-siecles-ehne\/","url_meta":{"origin":18105,"position":1},"title":"Genre et r\u00e9volution en Europe aux XIXe-XXe si\u00e8cles | EHNE","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"7 f\u00e9vrier 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"R\u00e9sum\u00e9\u00a0 Le concept de r\u00e9volution renvoie \u00e0 des p\u00e9riodes de transformations sociopolitiques, r\u00e9alis\u00e9es (ou seulement amorc\u00e9es) par des actions militantes, et ax\u00e9es sur le paradigme de l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 et de la libert\u00e9. Toutes les r\u00e9volutions, depuis la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise de 1789, sont des \u00e9v\u00e9nements dans lesquels les rapports de genre sont\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Histoire savante&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Histoire savante","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/didactique\/histoire-savante\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/6_ns_genrerevolutions.jpg?fit=1200%2C950&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/6_ns_genrerevolutions.jpg?fit=1200%2C950&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/6_ns_genrerevolutions.jpg?fit=1200%2C950&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/6_ns_genrerevolutions.jpg?fit=1200%2C950&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/6_ns_genrerevolutions.jpg?fit=1200%2C950&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":15588,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2018\/12\/31\/david-diop-la-france-a-construit-limage-dun-tirailleur-courageux-obeissant-et-parfois-sanguinaire\/","url_meta":{"origin":18105,"position":2},"title":"David Diop : \u00ab La France a construit l\u2019image d\u2019un tirailleur courageux, ob\u00e9issant et parfois sanguinaire \u00bb","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"31 d\u00e9cembre 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Auteur du roman \u00ab Fr\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e2me \u00bb, le laur\u00e9at du Goncourt des lyc\u00e9ens d\u00e9crypte les repr\u00e9sentations li\u00e9es aux combattants africains pendant la premi\u00e8re guerre mondiale. Propos recueillis par Gladys Marivat pour le journal Le Monde. Extrait. Comment, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque, \u00e9taient repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s les tirailleurs s\u00e9n\u00e9galais\u00a0? En\u00a01910, le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Charles Mangin \u00e9crit\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Nouvelles de l'histoire&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Nouvelles de l'histoire","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/nouvelles-de-lhistoire\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/BFAFD7A8-E472-46A5-B0FC-6F31C7EEC01E.df31949b547b4c5b986c1c2fd91ebc5b.jpeg?fit=688%2C459&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/BFAFD7A8-E472-46A5-B0FC-6F31C7EEC01E.df31949b547b4c5b986c1c2fd91ebc5b.jpeg?fit=688%2C459&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/BFAFD7A8-E472-46A5-B0FC-6F31C7EEC01E.df31949b547b4c5b986c1c2fd91ebc5b.jpeg?fit=688%2C459&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3995,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2004\/10\/04\/quelle-europe-n%ef%bf%bdgri%ef%bf%bdre-eric-saugera-histoire-g%ef%bf%bdographie-cr%ef%bf%bdteil\/","url_meta":{"origin":18105,"position":3},"title":"Quelle Europe n\u00e9gri\u00e8re ? (Eric Saugera:: Histoire G\u00e9ographie Cr\u00e9teil)","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"4 octobre 2004","format":false,"excerpt":"Le site Histoire G\u00e9ographie Cr\u00e9teil - La traite des Noirs en 30 questions par Eric Saugera sera utile pour tout enseignant souhaitant traiter de la question de l'esclavage en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, mais \u00e9galement relativement au r\u00f4le de Suisse dans l'esclavage. Nous reproduisons \u00e0 la suite, \u00e0 titre d'exemple, la r\u00e9ponse \u00e0\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Nouvelles de l'histoire&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Nouvelles de l'histoire","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/nouvelles-de-lhistoire\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":18369,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2021\/06\/29\/lallemagne-reconnait-avoir-commis-un-genocide-en-namibie\/","url_meta":{"origin":18105,"position":4},"title":"L&rsquo;Allemagne reconna\u00eet avoir commis un g\u00e9nocide en Namibie","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"29 juin 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"En mai dernier, l\u2019Allemagne a pour la premi\u00e8re fois reconnu avoir commis \u00abun g\u00e9nocide\u00bb contre les populations des Hereros et Namas en Namibie pendant l\u2019\u00e8re coloniale et va verser au pays plus d\u20191 milliard d\u2019euros (1,09 milliard de francs) d\u2019aides au d\u00e9veloppement. \u00abNous qualifierons maintenant officiellement ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements pour ce\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Nouvelles de l'histoire&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Nouvelles de l'histoire","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/nouvelles-de-lhistoire\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":9169,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2012\/08\/15\/colloque-la-narration-en-images-de-la-colonne-trajane-a-la-bande-dessinee-latelier-des-icones\/","url_meta":{"origin":18105,"position":5},"title":"Colloque \u201cLa narration en images. De la colonne Trajane \u00e0 la bande dessin\u00e9e\u201d &#124; L&#039;Atelier des ic\u00f4nes","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"15 ao\u00fbt 2012","format":false,"excerpt":"Tapisserie de Bayeux, d\u00e9tail Ce colloque qui a lieu du lundi 27 ao\u00fbt 2012 au vendredi 31 ao\u00fbt 2012 \u00e0 Angoul\u00eame offre des conf\u00e9rences tr\u00e8s int\u00e9ressantes pour un enseignant d'histoire et l'utilisation de l'image en classe d'histoire.\u00a0 Voici une s\u00e9lection de contributions en ce sens: Mardi 28 ao\u00fbt 2012: Antiquit\u00e9\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Histoire savante&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Histoire savante","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/didactique\/histoire-savante\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18105","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18105"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18105\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18105"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18105"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18105"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}