{"id":20432,"date":"2025-10-08T12:13:20","date_gmt":"2025-10-08T11:13:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/?p=20432"},"modified":"2025-10-08T12:13:44","modified_gmt":"2025-10-08T11:13:44","slug":"lheritage-toxique-des-epaves-de-la-seconde-guerre-mondiale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2025\/10\/08\/lheritage-toxique-des-epaves-de-la-seconde-guerre-mondiale\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019h\u00e9ritage toxique des \u00e9paves de la seconde guerre mondiale"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>De nombreux navires coul\u00e9s entre 1939 et 1945 gisent au fond des mers. Avec le temps et la corrosion, ces vestiges historiques menacent de lib\u00e9rer les substances qu\u2019ils contiennent, avec des cons\u00e9quences n\u00e9fastes pour l\u2019environnement.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c1ac025_upload-1-25bemdqdbgfo-2011-11-11-le-monde-gauss.avif\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"467\" data-attachment-id=\"20433\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2025\/10\/08\/lheritage-toxique-des-epaves-de-la-seconde-guerre-mondiale\/c1ac025_upload-1-25bemdqdbgfo-2011-11-11-le-monde-gauss\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c1ac025_upload-1-25bemdqdbgfo-2011-11-11-le-monde-gauss.avif\" data-orig-size=\"1668,1112\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"c1ac025_upload-1-25bemdqdbgfo-2011-11-11-le-monde-gauss\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c1ac025_upload-1-25bemdqdbgfo-2011-11-11-le-monde-gauss-300x200.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c1ac025_upload-1-25bemdqdbgfo-2011-11-11-le-monde-gauss-700x467.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c1ac025_upload-1-25bemdqdbgfo-2011-11-11-le-monde-gauss-700x467.jpg?resize=700%2C467&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20433\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c1ac025_upload-1-25bemdqdbgfo-2011-11-11-le-monde-gauss.avif 700w, https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c1ac025_upload-1-25bemdqdbgfo-2011-11-11-le-monde-gauss.avif 300w, https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c1ac025_upload-1-25bemdqdbgfo-2011-11-11-le-monde-gauss.avif 768w, https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c1ac025_upload-1-25bemdqdbgfo-2011-11-11-le-monde-gauss.avif 1536w, https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c1ac025_upload-1-25bemdqdbgfo-2011-11-11-le-monde-gauss.avif 600w, https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c1ac025_upload-1-25bemdqdbgfo-2011-11-11-le-monde-gauss.avif 1668w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">L\u2019\u00e9pave du \u00ab Gauss \u00bb, au large de Dieppe (Seine-Maritime), le 11 novembre 2011. FRANK LELOIRE<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>A l\u2019\u00e9chelle internationale, on estime \u00e0 plus de 8 500 le nombre d\u2019\u00e9paves potentiellement polluantes, dont la plupart issues des deux conflits mondiaux. Selon une estimation de l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/iucn.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-04\/iucn-issues-brief-marine-pollution-from-sunken-vessels.pdf\">Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature<\/a> en 2023, ces navires pourraient rel\u00e2cher jusqu\u2019\u00e0 20 millions de tonnes de p\u00e9trole, soit trente fois plus que la mar\u00e9e noire provoqu\u00e9e dans le golfe du Mexique par la plateforme p\u00e9troli\u00e8re Deepwater Horizon en 2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lire l&rsquo;article (r\u00e9serv\u00e9 aux abonn\u00e9s): <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/planete\/article\/2025\/10\/04\/l-heritage-toxique-des-epaves-de-la-seconde-guerre-mondiale_6644361_3244.html\">L\u2019h\u00e9ritage toxique des \u00e9paves de la seconde guerre mondiale | Le Monde (04.10.2025)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tags : #AuCaf\u00e9<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>De nombreux navires coul\u00e9s entre 1939 et 1945 gisent au fond des mers. Avec le temps et la corrosion, ces vestiges historiques menacent de lib\u00e9rer les substances qu\u2019ils contiennent, avec des cons\u00e9quences n\u00e9fastes pour l\u2019environnement. A l\u2019\u00e9chelle internationale, on estime \u00e0 plus de 8 500 le nombre d\u2019\u00e9paves potentiellement polluantes, dont la plupart issues des [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20433,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_import_markdown_pro_load_document_selector":0,"_import_markdown_pro_submit_text_textarea":"","_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-20432","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-nouvelles-de-lhistoire","8":"entry"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c1ac025_upload-1-25bemdqdbgfo-2011-11-11-le-monde-gauss-600x400.jpg","featured_image_src_square":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c1ac025_upload-1-25bemdqdbgfo-2011-11-11-le-monde-gauss-600x600.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"Lyonel Kaufmann","author_link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/author\/lyonelk\/"},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c1ac025_upload-1-25bemdqdbgfo-2011-11-11-le-monde-gauss.avif","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1rJVM-5jy","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":19875,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2024\/02\/01\/lavion-de-laventuriere-amelia-earhart-a-t-il-ete-retrouve-87-ans-apres-sa-disparition\/","url_meta":{"origin":20432,"position":0},"title":"L\u2019avion de l\u2019aventuri\u00e8re Amelia Earhart a-t-il \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9 87 ans apr\u00e8s sa disparition ?","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"1 f\u00e9vrier 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"C\u2019est l\u2019un des plus grands myst\u00e8res de l\u2019aviation : alors qu\u2019elle tentait de devenir la premi\u00e8re femme \u00e0 faire le tour du monde \u00e0 bord de son bimoteur Lockheed Electra, l\u2019aventuri\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine Amelia Earhart a disparu le 2 juillet 1937 dans l\u2019oc\u00e9an Pacifique. Une \u00e9quipe d\u2019explorateurs de Deep See Vision\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Nouvelles de l'histoire&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Nouvelles de l'histoire","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/nouvelles-de-lhistoire\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/img_6718-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":6714,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2013\/01\/20\/le-travail-a-la-chaine-a-cent-ans-lusine-nouvelle\/","url_meta":{"origin":20432,"position":1},"title":"Le travail \u00e0 la cha\u00eene a cent ans &#124;\u00a0L&#039;usine nouvelle","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"20 janvier 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Il y a cent ans tout juste, une nouvelle m\u00e9thode de production faisait son apparition dans l'usine de Ford de Highland Park, \u00e0 Detroit. Ce syst\u00e8me est d\u00e9riv\u00e9 du d\u00e9pe\u00e7age des animaux dans les abattoirs de Chicago. Henry Ford a fait appel \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9nieur Frederic Taylor, l'inventeur de l'organisation scientifique\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Nouvelles de l'histoire&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Nouvelles de l'histoire","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/nouvelles-de-lhistoire\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":17241,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2020\/03\/30\/histoirecafe-episode-2-mes-quatre-defis-dun-enseignement-a-distance\/","url_meta":{"origin":20432,"position":2},"title":"HistoireCaf\u00e9 : Mes quatre d\u00e9fis d\u2019un enseignement \u00e0 distance","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"30 mars 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"HistoireCaf\u00e9 est un podcast destin\u00e9 \u00e0 l'enseignement de l'histoire \u00e0 l'\u00e8re num\u00e9rique. \u00a0Pourquoi caf\u00e9 ? Parce que j'aime le caf\u00e9.\u00a0Ce deuxi\u00e8me \u00e9pisode est consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 quatre d\u00e9fis que j'ai relev\u00e9s pour passer \u00e0 un enseignement enti\u00e8rement \u00e0 distance.\u00a0 Apr\u00e8s deux semaines du basculement de nos enseignements enti\u00e8rement \u00e0 distance, un\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Enseignement \u00e0 distance&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Enseignement \u00e0 distance","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/didactique\/enseignement-a-distance\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/israel-palacio-Y20JJ_ddy9M-unsplash-2-e1678963780934.jpg?fit=720%2C480&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/israel-palacio-Y20JJ_ddy9M-unsplash-2-e1678963780934.jpg?fit=720%2C480&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/israel-palacio-Y20JJ_ddy9M-unsplash-2-e1678963780934.jpg?fit=720%2C480&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/israel-palacio-Y20JJ_ddy9M-unsplash-2-e1678963780934.jpg?fit=720%2C480&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":10569,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2015\/10\/24\/quand-le-byod-et-la-classe-inversee-renforcent-les-inegalites-scolaires\/","url_meta":{"origin":20432,"position":3},"title":"Quand le BYOD et la classe invers\u00e9e renforcent les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s scolaires","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"24 octobre 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Dans un article intitul\u00e9\u00a0Homework is a Social Justice Issue - Hybrid Pedagogy, Kris Shaffer revient sur la question des devoirs \u00e0 domicile \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e8re du BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) et de la classe invers\u00e9e et sur la question de l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 des chances (justice sociale) \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole. Il en arrive\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Didactique&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Didactique","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/didactique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/homework.jpg?fit=598%2C398&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/homework.jpg?fit=598%2C398&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/homework.jpg?fit=598%2C398&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":12329,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2016\/11\/16\/dhitler-a-trump-larrivee-et-la-gestion-du-pouvoir\/","url_meta":{"origin":20432,"position":4},"title":"D&rsquo;Hitler \u00e0 Trump : l&rsquo;arriv\u00e9e et la gestion du pouvoir","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"16 novembre 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Dans son \u00e9dition du 15 novembre 2016, le journal qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois La Presse se faisait l'\u00e9cho de la confusion qui semblait r\u00e9gner dans l'\u00e9quipe de transition de Donald Trump (Confusion dans l'\u00e9quipe de transition de Donald Trump | Catherine TRIOMPHE, Ivan COURONNE | \u00c9tats-Unis)\u00a0: Donald Trump luttait mercredi pour dissiper l'impression\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Opinions&amp;R\u00e9flexions&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Opinions&amp;R\u00e9flexions","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/didactique\/opinionsreflexions\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/trump-hitler.jpg?fit=880%2C580&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/trump-hitler.jpg?fit=880%2C580&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/trump-hitler.jpg?fit=880%2C580&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/trump-hitler.jpg?fit=880%2C580&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":12724,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2017\/01\/25\/cours-a-distance-inspires-des-jeux-video-le-devoir\/","url_meta":{"origin":20432,"position":5},"title":"Cours \u00e0 distance inspir\u00e9s des jeux vid\u00e9o | Le Devoir","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"25 janvier 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Le journal Le Devoir pr\u00e9sente les d\u00e9marches suivies par l'Universit\u00e9 de Laval dans le domaine des cours \u00e0 distance et plus particuli\u00e8rement leur \u00e9volution vers un univers s'inspirant des jeux vid\u00e9os. L'Universit\u00e9 de Laval a d\u00e9but\u00e9 par des cours \u00e0 distance via la poste. Elle a donc une longue pratique\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Humanit\u00e9s Digitales&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Humanit\u00e9s Digitales","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/humanites-digitales\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Image-25.01.17-13-24.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Image-25.01.17-13-24.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Image-25.01.17-13-24.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Image-25.01.17-13-24.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Image-25.01.17-13-24.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20432","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20432"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20432\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20433"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20432"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20432"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20432"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}