{"id":34,"date":"2006-03-08T18:38:35","date_gmt":"2006-03-08T17:38:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/?p=18"},"modified":"2006-03-08T18:38:35","modified_gmt":"2006-03-08T17:38:35","slug":"01-fondements-theoriques","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2006\/03\/08\/01-fondements-theoriques\/","title":{"rendered":"01. Fondements th\u00e9oriques"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Recoupant mes pr\u00e9occupations relatives \u00e0 la p\u00e9dagogie active dans le domaine de l&rsquo;enseignement de l&rsquo;histoire, les articles r\u00e9dig\u00e9s trouvent leur fondement \u00e0 partir des trois bases th\u00e9oriques suivantes :<!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>1 Les \u00e9l\u00e8ves\/\u00e9tudiant-e-s apprennent mieux par les intelligences multiples.<br \/>\n<\/strong>R\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la th\u00e9orie d&rsquo;Howard Gardner qui met en \u00e9vidence les sept intelligences suivantes :<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Verbale-linguistique<br \/>\n\u2022 Logico-math\u00e9matique<br \/>\n\u2022 Visuelle-Spatiale<br \/>\n\u2022 Corporelle Kinesth\u00e9sique<br \/>\n\u2022 Musicale-rhythmique<br \/>\n\u2022 Interpersonnelle<br \/>\n\u2022 Intrapersonnelle<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 noter que, dans une situation d&rsquo;apprentissage donn\u00e9e, il y a au moins deux intelligences mises en \u0153uvre.<br \/>\nPour une bibliographie sur les intelligences multiples :<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.geoeco.ulg.ac.be\/lmg\/competences\/chantier\/eleves\/cerv_biblio1.html\">P\u00e9dagogie du cerveau global &#8211; Bibliographie<\/a><br \/>\nSur les intelligences multiples, on consultera en ligne :<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/mieux.apprendre.free.fr\/intel_multiples.html\">http:\/\/mieux.apprendre.free.fr\/intel_multiples.html<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/recit.csdm.qc.ca\/prescolaire\/ressources\/intelligences_et_tic\/definitions.html\">http:\/\/recit.csdm.qc.ca\/prescolaire\/ressources\/intelligences_et_tic\/definitions.html<\/a><br \/>\nSur Howard Gardner :<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.construire.ch\/SOMMAIRE\/9919\/19entret.htm\">http:\/\/www.construire.ch\/SOMMAIRE\/9919\/19entret.htm <\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>2 Le travail coop\u00e9ratif augmente les gains d\u2019apprentissage.<\/strong><br \/>\nOn pourra faire r\u00e9f\u00e9rence notamment aux travaux d&rsquo;Elizabeth Cohen. Un de ses ouvrages, relatif au travail de groupe, est en fran\u00e7ais.<br \/>\nIl s&rsquo;agit de<br \/>\n\u2022 Elizabeth G. Cohen, Le travail de groupe : strat\u00e9gies d&rsquo;enseignement pour la classe h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne, Montr\u00e9al : Ed. de la Cheneli\u00e8re, 1995<br \/>\nPour d&rsquo;autres r\u00e9f\u00e9rences bibliographiques :<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.unites.uqam.ca\/Gctic\/fiches\/fiche14.htm\">http:\/\/www.unites.uqam.ca\/Gctic\/fiches\/fiche14.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<p>En outre, une des finalit\u00e9s de l&rsquo;enseignement de l&rsquo;histoire consiste \u00e0 apprendre aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves\/\u00e9tudiantEs \u00e0 vivre ensemble et \u00e0 s&rsquo;ins\u00e9rer dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. D\u00e8s lors, il para\u00eet \u00e9vident que l&rsquo;acquisition de comp\u00e9tences sociales coop\u00e9ratives doit \u00eatre au coeur du cours d&rsquo;histoire. On ne peut apprendre et s&rsquo;ins\u00e9rer dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 dans des cours favorisant uniquement une forme d&rsquo;autisme scolaire et o\u00f9 seule la parole du ma\u00eetre serait audible !<\/p>\n<p><strong>3 Tous les \u00e9l\u00e8ves peuvent apprendre au travers d\u2019un curriculum spiralaire.<br \/>\n<\/strong><br \/>\nC&rsquo;est les travaux de Jerome Bruner qui sont alors convoqu\u00e9s. Pour celui-ci, tous les \u00e9l\u00e8ves peuvent apprendre dans la mesure o\u00f9 l&rsquo;enseignant leur montre comment penser et d\u00e9couvrir le savoir par eux-m\u00eames. Les \u00e9l\u00e8ves peuvent apprendre progressivement les concepts les plus difficiles par le biais d&rsquo;un processus d&rsquo;apprentissage progressif (par palier).<br \/>\nUn des ouvrages de r\u00e9f\u00e9rences de Bruner et en fran\u00e7ais :<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Jerome Bruner, L&rsquo;\u00e9ducation, entr\u00e9e dans la culture : les probl\u00e8mes de l&rsquo;\u00e9cole \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re de la psychologie culturelle, Paris : Retz, 1996<\/p>\n<p>Pour d&rsquo;autres renseignements, on consultera la page suivante :<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/tip.psychology.org\/bruner.html\">http:\/\/tip.psychology.org\/bruner.html\u00a0\u00bb<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.infed.org\/thinkers\/bruner.htm\">http:\/\/www.infed.org\/thinkers\/bruner.htm <\/a><\/p>\n<p>Ces principes de base sont \u00e9galement \u00e0 la base du projet du Teachers&rsquo; Curriculum Institute.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a9 Lyonel Kaufmann 2004<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Recoupant mes pr\u00e9occupations relatives \u00e0 la p\u00e9dagogie active dans le domaine de l&rsquo;enseignement de l&rsquo;histoire, les articles r\u00e9dig\u00e9s trouvent leur fondement \u00e0 partir des trois bases th\u00e9oriques suivantes :<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9896,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_import_markdown_pro_load_document_selector":0,"_import_markdown_pro_submit_text_textarea":"","_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[3,4],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-34","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-didactique","8":"category-histoire-active","9":"entry"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/signature_lk2.jpg?resize=600%2C184&ssl=1","featured_image_src_square":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/signature_lk2.jpg?resize=600%2C184&ssl=1","author_info":{"display_name":"Lyonel Kaufmann","author_link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/author\/lyonelk\/"},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/signature_lk2.jpg?fit=658%2C184&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1rJVM-y","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":168,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2007\/01\/24\/m078-differencier-en-histoire-09012006\/","url_meta":{"origin":34,"position":0},"title":"M078 &#8211; Diff\u00e9rencier en histoire (09.01.2006)","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"24 janvier 2007","format":false,"excerpt":"Organisation de la pr\u00e9sentation du s\u00e9minaire 1. Introduction historique - Cr\u00e9\u00e9e au 19e si\u00e8cle. - Li\u00e9e aux r\u00e9formes du syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif (reconnaissance de l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve en tant que personne \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re). 2. P\u00e9dagogie diff\u00e9renci\u00e9e Th\u00e9orie - Permet aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves d\u2019apprendre selon leur propre itin\u00e9raire - S\u2019organise \u00e0 partir de leurs\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Nouvelles de l'histoire&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Nouvelles de l'histoire","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/nouvelles-de-lhistoire\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":19936,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2024\/03\/19\/ludovia-ch-2024-une-edition-sous-le-signe-des-intelligences-artificielles-generatives\/","url_meta":{"origin":34,"position":1},"title":"Ludov\u2019IA CH 2024 &#8211; une e\u0301dition sous le signe des intelligences artificielles g\u00e9n\u00e9ratives","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"19 mars 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Du 22 au 24 avril 2024, la cinqui\u00e8me \u00e9dition de LUDOVIA#CH revient \u00e0 Yverdon-les-Bains. Avec son th\u00e8me \u00ab Bienvenue \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e8re de l\u2019(in)intelligence artificielle \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole ? \u00bb, cette \u00e9dition interroge l\u2019irruption des intelligences artificielles g\u00e9n\u00e9ratives (ChatGPT, Dall\u00b7E, Midjourney, SwissGPT, Perplexity.ai entre autres) dans les usages du grand public et\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;EdNum&quot;","block_context":{"text":"EdNum","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/humanites-digitales\/ednum\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Ludovia2024_Logosurfond_web_702.jpg?fit=702%2C351&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Ludovia2024_Logosurfond_web_702.jpg?fit=702%2C351&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Ludovia2024_Logosurfond_web_702.jpg?fit=702%2C351&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Ludovia2024_Logosurfond_web_702.jpg?fit=702%2C351&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":26,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2006\/03\/08\/09-im_evaluation\/","url_meta":{"origin":34,"position":2},"title":"09. Intelligence multiple et \u00e9valuation","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"8 mars 2006","format":false,"excerpt":"Un processus d'\u00e9valuation effectif dans le domaine des sciences humaines est un processus dans lequel les \u00e9l\u00e8ves\/\u00e9tudiantEs mobilisent leurs multiples intelligences afin de d\u00e9montrer leur compr\u00e9hension de concepts-cl\u00e9s dans d'authentiques situations. De cette fa\u00e7on les \u00e9l\u00e8ves\/\u00e9tudiantEs atteignent durablement et en profondeur une meilleure compr\u00e9hension relativement, y compris dans des situations\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Didactique&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Didactique","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/didactique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":29,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2006\/03\/08\/06-groupes-de-reponses\/","url_meta":{"origin":34,"position":3},"title":"06. Groupes de r\u00e9ponses","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"8 mars 2006","format":false,"excerpt":"Les groupes de r\u00e9ponses enrichissent les discussions de classe et promeuvent la pens\u00e9e critique. Chaque groupe re\u00e7oit des informations historiques compl\u00e9t\u00e9es par des documents iconographiques, des sources primaires ou des morceaux de musique. Le mat\u00e9riel est accompagn\u00e9 de questions provocantes soumises \u00e0 discussion. Apr\u00e8s discussion en sous-groupe, les rapporteurs de\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Didactique&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Didactique","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/didactique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":20240,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2025\/03\/15\/intelligence-artificielle-trois-defis-pour-lecole-les-cahiers-pedagogiques\/","url_meta":{"origin":34,"position":4},"title":"Intelligence artificielle\u00a0: trois d\u00e9fis pour l\u2019\u00e9cole &#8211; Les Cahiers p\u00e9dagogiques","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"15 mars 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Quelles perspectives pour l\u2019\u00e9cole tirer des r\u00e9sultats de l\u2019enqu\u00eate du CRAP-Cahiers p\u00e9dagogiques \u00ab Les coll\u00e9giens et lyc\u00e9ens et l\u2019intelligence artificielle \u00bb, r\u00e9alis\u00e9e entre d\u00e9cembre 2024 et mars 2025 ? Pour les Cahiers p\u00e9dagogiques, face \u00e0 la diversit\u00e9 des usages qu\u2019en font les \u00e9l\u00e8ves, les enseignants n\u2019ont pas d\u2019autre choix que\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Humanit\u00e9s Digitales&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Humanit\u00e9s Digitales","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/humanites-digitales\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A-comic-style-drawing-of-a-teenage-girl-doing-her-homework-in-front-of-a-computer-emphasizing-the-concept-of-AI-705x705-1.jpg?fit=705%2C705&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A-comic-style-drawing-of-a-teenage-girl-doing-her-homework-in-front-of-a-computer-emphasizing-the-concept-of-AI-705x705-1.jpg?fit=705%2C705&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A-comic-style-drawing-of-a-teenage-girl-doing-her-homework-in-front-of-a-computer-emphasizing-the-concept-of-AI-705x705-1.jpg?fit=705%2C705&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A-comic-style-drawing-of-a-teenage-girl-doing-her-homework-in-front-of-a-computer-emphasizing-the-concept-of-AI-705x705-1.jpg?fit=705%2C705&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":10929,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2016\/01\/11\/quelle-pedagogie-a-lheure-du-numerique\/","url_meta":{"origin":34,"position":5},"title":"Quelle p\u00e9dagogie \u00e0 l&rsquo;heure du num\u00e9rique ?","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"11 janvier 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Le num\u00e9rique est-il seulement un outil ou d\u00e9passe-t-il ce cadre-l\u00e0 ? Transforme-t-il notre mani\u00e8re d'apprendre et de penser ? Doit-il nous amener \u00e0 changer de p\u00e9dagogie ? Voici deux ressources vid\u00e9os qui traitent \u00e0 leur mani\u00e8re de ces questions. Jean Fran\u00e7ois Ceci, changer de p\u00e9dagogie \u00e0 l'\u00e8re du num\u00e9rique :\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Didactique&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Didactique","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/didactique\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/0-1.jpg?fit=480%2C360&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9896"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}