L\u2019utopie de cette \u00ab\u2009nation-r\u00e9seau\u2009\u00bb, comme l\u2019appellent certains, s\u2019inspire du fonctionnement du champ scientifique et se fonde sur quatre principes. Tout d\u2019abord, l\u2019\u00e9change et la coop\u00e9ration se font entre sp\u00e9cialistes, pouvant \u00eatre distants physiquement mais ayant les m\u00eames int\u00e9r\u00eats, participant aux m\u00eames revues, aux m\u00eames colloques. C\u2019est ensuite une communaut\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9gaux o\u00f9 le statut de chacun repose essentiellement sur le m\u00e9rite, \u00e9valu\u00e9 par les pairs qui vont tester, commenter, am\u00e9liorer vos propositions. Le d\u00e9bat est donc largement ouvert et ne peut \u00eatre clos par un argument d\u2019autorit\u00e9. L\u2019information circule librement. La coop\u00e9ration est donc une valeur centrale au sein de cette utopie, car elle permet de r\u00e9aliser des t\u00e2ches inaccessibles \u00e0 un individu isol\u00e9, comme la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un logiciel. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 Internet, la rapide circulation de l\u2019information permet une grande transparence qui facilite la coop\u00e9ration. Mais la transparence permet aussi d\u2019identifier la comp\u00e9tition entre les \u00e9quipes. Cette nation-r\u00e9seau est enfin un monde \u00e0 part, clos, r\u00e9serv\u00e9 aux usages acad\u00e9miques, o\u00f9 le commerce n\u2019a pas sa place. Coop\u00e9ration, gratuit\u00e9, absence de hi\u00e9rarchie, libre acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019information\u2009: les pionniers d\u2019Internet sont porteurs d\u2019une utopie forte, qu\u2019ils mettent en pratique. Au cours des ann\u00e9es 1980, d\u2019autres acteurs tels que les hackers, inspir\u00e9s par la contre-culture hippie, d\u00e9fendront le Net comme outil communautaire et \u00e9cologique.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
L\u2019utopie de cette \u00ab\u2009nation-r\u00e9seau\u2009\u00bb, comme l\u2019appellent certains, s\u2019inspire du fonctionnement du champ scientifique et se fonde sur quatre principes. Tout d\u2019abord, l\u2019\u00e9change et la coop\u00e9ration se font entre sp\u00e9cialistes, pouvant \u00eatre distants physiquement mais ayant les m\u00eames int\u00e9r\u00eats, participant aux m\u00eames revues, aux m\u00eames colloques. C\u2019est ensuite une communaut\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9gaux o\u00f9 le statut de chacun […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9896,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"quote","meta":{"_import_markdown_pro_load_document_selector":0,"_import_markdown_pro_submit_text_textarea":"","_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4559","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-quote","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-nouvelles-de-lhistoire","8":"post_format-post-format-quote","9":"entry"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/signature_lk2.jpg?resize=600%2C184&ssl=1","featured_image_src_square":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/signature_lk2.jpg?resize=600%2C184&ssl=1","author_info":{"display_name":"Lyonel Kaufmann","author_link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/author\/lyonelk\/"},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/signature_lk2.jpg?fit=658%2C184&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1rJVM-1bx","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1868,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2010\/01\/13\/culture-web-la-force-de-lutopie-sciences-humaines\/","url_meta":{"origin":4559,"position":0},"title":"Culture web: La force de l'utopie | Sciences humaines","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"13 janvier 2010","format":false,"excerpt":"Depuis sa naissance, Internet a \u00e9t\u00e9 porteur des r\u00eaves de ses concepteurs. A travers le r\u00e9seau devait \u00e9merger une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 du partage du savoir, pacifique et \u00e9galitaire. Ces id\u00e9aux survivent malgr\u00e9 la banalisation du Web. La Revue Sciences humaines consacre une partie de son grand \u00a0dossier sur les Villes mondiales\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans "M\u00e9dias et technologies"","block_context":{"text":"M\u00e9dias et technologies","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/medias-et-technologies\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":324,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2008\/05\/13\/links-for-2008-05-13\/","url_meta":{"origin":4559,"position":1},"title":"Mai 68 |\u00a0Internationale Situationniste | Esclavage & Sarkozy | Wikipedia","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"13 mai 2008","format":false,"excerpt":"Esclavage: Sarkozy et les m\u00e9dias ont la m\u00e9moire courte | Rue89 Rue89 revient sur le tour de passe des m\u00e9dias qui fait qu'aujourd'hui Nicolas Sarkozy passe pour celui qui a int\u00e9gr\u00e9 l'enseignement de l'esclavage \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole alors que cet enseignement a \u00e9t\u00e9 introduit dans les programmes du primaires de\u2026 2002\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans "Annuaire de sites"","block_context":{"text":"Annuaire de sites","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/medias-et-technologies\/annuaire-de-sites\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":11671,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2016\/06\/20\/pesante-memoire-la-vie-des-idees\/","url_meta":{"origin":4559,"position":2},"title":"Pesante m\u00e9moire – La Vie des id\u00e9es","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"20 juin 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Dans un ouvrage pluridisciplinaire, Catherine Coquio montre que le culte contemporain de la m\u00e9moire et de la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 cache en fait une crise qui emp\u00eache d\u2019avancer. Recens\u00e9\u00a0: Catherine Coquio,\u00a0Le Mal de v\u00e9rit\u00e9 ou l\u2019utopie de la m\u00e9moire, Paris, Armand Colin, 2015, 320 p., 25 \u20ac. En un sens, on ne\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans "Histoire savante"","block_context":{"text":"Histoire savante","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/didactique\/histoire-savante\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/arton3423-c4fe5.jpg?fit=265%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":15694,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2019\/01\/30\/eduquer-dans-son-temps-nouveaux-medias-nouveaux-enseignements-la-fabrique-de-lhistoire\/","url_meta":{"origin":4559,"position":3},"title":"Eduquer dans son temps : Nouveaux m\u00e9dias, nouveaux enseignements |\u00a0La Fabrique de l’histoire","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"30 janvier 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Comment le cin\u00e9ma, la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision puis aujourd'hui le jeu vid\u00e9o sont-ils int\u00e9gr\u00e9s en tant qu'auxiliaires p\u00e9dagogiques par le syst\u00e8me scolaire depuis les ann\u00e9es 1950 ?\u00a0Viviane Glikman,\u00a0ma\u00eetresse de conf\u00e9rences \u00e0 l'Institut National de Recherche P\u00e9dagogique (INRP),\u00a0Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Marty,\u00a0ma\u00eetre de conf\u00e9rences en sciences de l'information et de la communication \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Paul Val\u00e9ry-Montpellier\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans "Nouvelles de l'histoire"","block_context":{"text":"Nouvelles de l'histoire","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/nouvelles-de-lhistoire\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/838_30_01_19.jpg?fit=838%2C560&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/838_30_01_19.jpg?fit=838%2C560&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/838_30_01_19.jpg?fit=838%2C560&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/838_30_01_19.jpg?fit=838%2C560&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":14466,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2018\/06\/14\/que-reste-t-il-du-logiciel-libre-du-grain-a-moudre\/","url_meta":{"origin":4559,"position":4},"title":"Que reste-t-il du logiciel libre ? | Du Grain \u00e0 moudre","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"14 juin 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Microsoft vient de racheter la plateforme de cr\u00e9ation collaborative de logiciels Github. Est-ce vraiment une bonne nouvelle pour le logiciel libre ? Et quelles cons\u00e9quences pour les utilisateurs ? La philosophie du libre a-t-elle gagn\u00e9 ou s\u2019est-elle fait manger ? Une \u00e9mission de France culture. Le logiciel libre va-t-il dispara\u00eetre\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans "Humanit\u00e9s Digitales"","block_context":{"text":"Humanit\u00e9s Digitales","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/humanites-digitales\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/738_gettyimages-939133414.jpg?fit=738%2C490&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/738_gettyimages-939133414.jpg?fit=738%2C490&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/738_gettyimages-939133414.jpg?fit=738%2C490&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/738_gettyimages-939133414.jpg?fit=738%2C490&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":157,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2006\/12\/18\/m078-lenseignant-dhistoire-transmetteur-de-savoir-references\/","url_meta":{"origin":4559,"position":5},"title":"M078 – \u00abL\u2019enseignant d\u2019histoire transmetteur de savoir\u00bb (R\u00e9f\u00e9rences)","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"18 d\u00e9cembre 2006","format":false,"excerpt":"R\u00e9f\u00e9rences et ressources R\u00e9f\u00e9rences fournies aux \u00e9tudiantes pour r\u00e9aliser leur s\u00e9minaire. 1) Sur l'enseignement magistral : \u2022 Pr\u00e9sentation de Cours Magistraux Efficaces par Richard S. Sullivan et Noel McIntosh (http:\/\/www.reproline.jhu.edu\/french\/6read\/6training\/lecture\/Lectures\/index.htm). \u2022 Universit\u00e9 d'Ottawa - Centre de p\u00e9dagogie universitaire - Guide du professeur : - Chapitre 5 : Enseigner \u00e0 des\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans "Nouvelles de l'histoire"","block_context":{"text":"Nouvelles de l'histoire","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/category\/nouvelles-de-lhistoire\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4559","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4559"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4559\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9896"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4559"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4559"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4559"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}