{"id":9686,"date":"2015-04-15T07:00:00","date_gmt":"2015-04-15T06:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/?p=9686"},"modified":"2015-04-14T07:50:18","modified_gmt":"2015-04-14T06:50:18","slug":"14-18-des-munitions-suisses-vendues-a-la-grande-bretagne-et-a-lallemagne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2015\/04\/15\/14-18-des-munitions-suisses-vendues-a-la-grande-bretagne-et-a-lallemagne\/","title":{"rendered":"14-18 : Des munitions suisses vendues \u00e0 la Grande-Bretagne et \u00e0 l’Allemagne"},"content":{"rendered":"

Un article du Blog Switzerland and the First World War<\/em><\/a> pr\u00e9sente les exportations de munitions suisses durant la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale en direction des pays de l\u2019Entente et des Empires centraux. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Les ventes aux Pays de l\u2019Entente (France, Grande-Bretagne, Etats-Unis) furent 32 fois plus importantes que les exportations pour les Empires centraux d\u2019ao\u00fbt 1916 \u00e0 f\u00e9vrier 1917 et du double d\u2019ao\u00fbt 1917 \u00e0 janvier 1918.<\/p>\n

\nHang on! Switzerland was neutral during the First World War. What were the Swiss doing, making artillery shells? Well, international law allowed a neutral to trade with both sides. More than that, the Swiss were not simply taking advantage of the war to make a profit. The Allies armies needed as many shells as they could get, and those from Switzerland were a significant contribution.<\/p>\n

The Swiss branch of the British Ministry of Munitions opened an office in Berne, Switzerland, in September 1915. Weeks before that, the British had signed a contract with a Swiss manufacturer for\u00a0<\/p>\n

100,000 units of the No.100 type artillery fuses per week, over 26 weeks: the first of many orders. In September 1916 the Allies placed a contract for 5.2 million units of the No.106 fuse.<\/span><\/p>\n

By the end of the First World War, the Swiss had made over 25 million artillery shell fuses for the British, as well as over 121 million components used in assembling other fuses. These were precision parts that required skilled labour. After the Italian entry into the war, that country also bought munitions from the Swiss.<\/p>\n

This work required considerable raw materials, but\u00a0Switzerland\u2019s natural resources were limited and she depended on trade to obtain many such supplies. For example, the Swiss imported brass for making the No.106 fuse from the USA, and steel from the UK.\u00a0<\/p>\n

In an attempt to stop this trade, the Germans created a \u201cblack list\u201d of manufacturers making munitions for the Entente (France, the UK and allies), to ensure that they could not obtain coal, steel or iron from Germany (which was the main source of these materials for Swiss factories). Swiss firms and the Swiss government tried to evade these measures, and the Germans renegotiated this agreement at later dates. For the flow of trade in the other direction, the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Suisse de Surveillance \u00e9conomique was established to ensure that no metal which had been supplied to the Swiss for the production of fuses for the Entente, was sent to the Central Powers instead.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"Picture\" Above: left to right, the shell, No.106 Mk II fuse and safety cap for a British\u00a018-pounder field gun. This was one of the types of fuses supplied by the Swiss to the Entente armies.\u00a0
Image source:\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Mili14\u00a0\u00bb at collections.delcampe.net<\/a><\/p>\n

La qualit\u00e9 et la fiabilit\u00e9 des munitions suisses apparaissent comme \u00e9tant \u00e9lev\u00e9es dans un rapport r\u00e9dig\u00e9 en 1918 par un inspecteur anglais, notamment dans les manufactures de Gen\u00e8ve et du Locle.<\/p>\n

\n\u201cIn Switzerland there are whole districts such as Geneva and Le Locle whose industries are watchmaking, and whose people are therefore hereditarily trained to most accurate work. Fortunately these districts are French-speaking, and very pro-Entente. Large contracts were placed in both these districts with extremely satisfactory results… The fuzes produced by them on a very large scale gave complete satisfaction, and the rejects were only a very small percentage of the whole.\u201d\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Comme indiqu\u00e9, le fait que ces manufactures horlog\u00e8res soient cit\u00e9es dans la partie francophone de la Suisse joua en faveur des pays de l\u2019Entente. Indirectement, ce passage met en lumi\u00e8re les fractures entre la Suisse romande et la Suisse al\u00e9manique durant le conflit. Les premiers prenant partie pour les pays de l\u2019Entente et les seconds pour les Empires centraux. En 14-18, la Suisse fut divis\u00e9e comme rarement.<\/p>\n

Sources de l\u2019article : UK National Archives, MUN 5\/321B\/28 and\u00a0MUN 4\/2026.<\/p>\n

(Via www.switzerland1914-1918.net<\/a>)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un article du Blog Switzerland and the First World War pr\u00e9sente les exportations de munitions suisses durant la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale en direction des pays de l\u2019Entente et des Empires centraux. Les ventes aux Pays de l\u2019Entente (France, Grande-Bretagne, Etats-Unis) furent 32 fois plus importantes que les exportations pour les Empires centraux d\u2019ao\u00fbt 1916 \u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9905,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_import_markdown_pro_load_document_selector":0,"_import_markdown_pro_submit_text_textarea":"","_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[5,11,17],"tags":[23,780,683],"class_list":{"0":"post-9686","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-histoire-savante","8":"category-nouvelles-de-lhistoire","9":"category-sur-le-web","10":"tag-14-18","11":"tag-neutralite","12":"tag-suisse","13":"entry"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/6961394_orig.jpg?resize=600%2C202&ssl=1","featured_image_src_square":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/6961394_orig.jpg?resize=600%2C202&ssl=1","author_info":{"display_name":"Lyonel Kaufmann","author_link":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/author\/lyonelk\/"},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/6961394_orig.jpg?fit=845%2C202&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1rJVM-2we","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":10565,"url":"https:\/\/lyonelkaufmann.ch\/histoire\/2015\/10\/23\/revue-de-presse-the-swiss-frontier-in-the-first\/","url_meta":{"origin":9686,"position":0},"title":"Revue de Presse : The Swiss frontier in the First World War","author":"Lyonel Kaufmann","date":"23 octobre 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Revue de Presse : The Swiss frontier in the First World\u00a0War Since Switzerland was a neutral country, its frontiers had to be guarded to prevent the warring armies crossing them, deliberately or accidentally. 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